No |Method| X; (mm)| Ys (mm)|Zs (mm) Catan) ete) Us oom
PSO -86.16 -68.67 2434.57] 0.10740, 0.08701. -0.02690,
Bundle | -437.22} 248.62 3211.53 0.20354 0.03114 -0.02434
PSO | -171.73| -115.72 2446.62) 0.1315G 0.10620 -0.04050
Bundle | -480.53| -110.84 3144.28 0.21386 0.14294 -0.04888]
PSO | 393.600 18.27 2399.42 -0.07580| 0.05440 0.00240
Bundle | 402.07 -110.92 3176.76 -0.04708 0.14480 -0.00399
PSO | 1020.67 -61.73| 2414.53. -0.34640| 0.07770, 0.04720
Bundle| 1380.78 -98.37 3082.11 -0.37194 0.13500 0.05257
PSO | -184.12| -224.49 2415.21] -0.00880| -0.03830| -0.05280
Bundle | -544.01| -463.28| 3066.80 0.24614 0.25035 -0.08283
PSO |1227.60| -140.33| 2555.88| -0.38700| 0.10990 0.01540
Bundle| 1693.71| -470.83| 3118.71 -0.44186| 0.24396 0.03531
Table 4. Exterior orientation elements calculated by PSO and
Bundle adjustment (six control points)
Difference of coordinate Difference of coordinate
No (mm) No (mm)
AX AY AZ AX AY AZ
1 | -0.013| -0.013| 0.009 | 18 | -0.128 | -0.032| 0.336
5 | -0.094| -0.084| -0.174| 21 | 0.006, 0.020, 0.286
8 10.0145] -0.003| 0.053 | 23 | -0.198 | -0.151| 0.329
10 | -0.072| -0.066 | 0.065] 25 | -0.386| -0.160| 0.393
12 | -0.083 | -0.029 | -0.147| 28 | -0.141| -0.095 | 0.782
131 -0.011| 0.040] 0.271] 31 | -0.413| -0.145| 0.685
Table 5. Difference of check points object coordinates(six
control points)
From Table5, the mean square error of three directions are my=
+0.187mm, my==+0.089mm, mz;==+0.373mm respectively, and
the point mean square error is mp ==+0.427mm. Under this
condition, we can obtain the approximate values of exterior
orientation elements by space resection, but the deviation to
their real value are too large and lead to misconvergence of
bundle adjustment.
6. CONCLUSION
By using PSO to calculate the approximate values of exterior
orientation elements, the problem of unavailability of exterior
orientation elements could be solved due to the decrease in the
number of control points and narrow space distribution. The
global searching ability of particle swarm optimization is very
powerful. In terms of objective function based on the few
controlling points and the set gross area of exterior orientation
elements, the approximate values of exterior orientation
elements can be solved and used in bundle adjustment. This
method can be applied in real production and experiments,
which can reduce the procedure of surveying control points and
increase surveying efficiency.
40
7. REFERENCE
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