X-B4, 2012 
STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF EFFLUENT ON GROUND WATER USING 
REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND MODELING TECHNIQUES 
S. Pathak*, B.K. Bhadra, J.R. Sharma 
Regional Remote Sensing Centre — West, NRSC/ISRO, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India 
CAZRI Campus, Jodhpur 342 003, India — (s_pathak, jrsharma@hotmail.com & bkbhadra63@gmail.com) 
WG IV/8 
KEY WORDS: Remote Sensing, GIS, land Use, Change Detection, Pollution, Modelling 
ABSTRACT: 
The area lies in arid zone of western Rajasthan having very scanty rains and very low ground water reserves. Some of the other 
problems that are faced by the area are disposal of industrial effluent posing threat to its sustainability of water resource. Textiles, 
dyeing and printing industries, various mechanical process and chemical/synthetic dyes are used and considerable wastewater 
discharged from these textile units contains about high amount of the dyes into the adjoining drainages. This has caused 
degradation of water quality in this water scarce semi-arid region of the country. Pali city is located South-West, 70 Kms from 
Jodhpur in western Rajasthan (India). There are four Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) treating wastewater to meet the 
pollutant level permissible to river discharge, a huge amount of effluent water of these factories directly meets the into the river 
Bandi — a tributary of river Luni. In order to monitor the impact of industrial effluents on the environment, identifying the extent of 
the degradation and evolving possible means of minimizing the impacts studies on quality of effluents, polluted river water and 
water of adjoining wells, the contamination migration of the pollutants from the river to ground water were studied. 
Remote sensing analysis has been carried out using Resourcesat -1 multispectral satellite data along with DEM derived from IRS 
PS stereo pair. GIS database generated of various thematic layers viz. base layer - inventorying all waterbodies in the vicinity, 
transport network and village layer, drainage, geomorphology, structure, land use. Analysis of spatial distribution of the features 
and change detection in land use/cover carried out. GIS maps have been used to help factor in spatial location of source and hydro- 
geomorphological settings. DEM & elevation contour helped in delineation of watershed and identifying flow modelling 
boundaries. Litholog data analysis carried out for aquifer boundaries using specialized software. Establishment of other boundary 
conditions was based on well data. Calibration and validation of was done using ground water modelling software. Change 
detection analysis indicated areas of impact on land use/ cover particularly, agriculture activity. Normalised difference vegetation 
index found to have negative correlation with pollution level. Population dynamics have been studied and it is found to be poorly 
correlated with land degradation. Water levels do not show significant variations in past twenty years baring normal seasonal 
fluctuation. Chemical analysis of ground water samples studies in time series. The water quality studied through various 
parameters shows concentration in mid-reach of the Bandi river. Analysis of litholog data shows three unconfined aquifers. Pump 
test and resistivity survey was carried out for initial aquifer properties in local water levels. Modelling contaminant migration 
helped in prediction of the extent of the adversity. Surface flow is checked allowing more water but it is proving to be 
accumulation point in absence of good rainfall & flow in the river. Hotspots of dumping /active contamination were identified with 
certain remediation efforts and supply of solid waste to cement industry in addition to bio-filter for heavy metals. 
1. INTRODUCTION 1.2 Source of contaminant 
l1 Overview Basically, dyes and pigments use organic material - highly 
d : structured & difficult to decompose biologically, besides some 
The study area lies in arid zone of India having very scanty 
rains and very low ground water reserves. Competing with 
domestic uses water for irrigation and industries, ground water 
is important part of hydrological cycle. Some of the other prob- 
lems that are faced by the area are disposal of industrial efflu- 
9t posing threat to its sustainability of water resource. In tex- 
inorganic metal oxides in fibre substance are also used after 
treating them with water soluble salts. Additionally, some vat 
dyes & azoic pigments containing metal (especially Cu) for 
printing are used in soluble form. 
The diazotisation process - treating amine group with nitrous 
tles, dyeing and printing industries, various mechanical acid followed by coupling amino compound under favourable 
Process and chemical/synthetic dyes are used and considerable pH or applying insoluble dye on cotton by forming colour pig- 
"islewater discharged from these textile units contains high ment inside fibre, requires treatment with NaOH (for Naphtho- 
idi of the dyes into the adjoining drainages. Thus, indus- late) and later fast base is added, wastewater is flushed out. 
trial waste is prime source of ground water contamination. Bleaching & finishing are other process using chemicals. Other 
B ——————— than textile the polluted ground water irrigation return flow 
* . . . A . . 
Suparn Pathak, Scientist/Engr. "SF", NRSC also increases its concentration.