2.3 Results & discussion
Pumping Test carried out at three wells in three different
lithological settings shows decreasing transmissivity (952 to
493m’/d) from SE to NW.
Litholog data analysis shows mainly three unconfined aquifer
zones viz. younger & older alluvium and weathered/fractured
granite. Withdrawal distribution in space & time can be in-
ferred from satellite imagery.
Groundwater velocity vectors are calculated by dividing the
darcy velocity by effective porosity (smaller than total porosity
due to some pores spaces containing zero seepage velocity).
Pathlines are generated displaying flow path and advective
ground water flow. The predominant direction towards the
dam location indicates it follows the river flow direction.
Calibration and validation was done using ground water mod-
elling software. Residual histogram uniformity indicates the
calibration was optimum, however the offset exhibits need for
improvement of parameters.
DEM derived from satellite helped in generating surface eleva-
tion, slope steepness & aspect for inferring surface flow & re-
charge.
Water quality analysis shows there has been decreasing trend
in TDS & chloride and increase in nitrate, fluoride & havey
metals during 1998-2009. Although water released for irriga-
tion is meagre compared to canal capacity from the Hemawas
dam located in eastern boundary but its return flow flushes the
contaminated GW irrigated land in SE part of study area, re-
ducing probability of their accumulation.
3. CONCLUSIONS
Generating reliable & accurate information about ground water
quality, integration of various techniques and availability of
water related data is a essential is for addressing its pollution
issue.
Surface flow is checked by Nerada dam built across river
Bandi for storing monsoon run-off to enhance irrigation of that
area, but it is proving to be accumulation point in absence of
good rainfall & flow in the river.
Remote sensing data is found to be very useful in defining the
conceptual and setting-up of numerical model besides outflow
of contaminated water affecting the land use and immensely
helped in determining the sinks as waterbodies and source —
canal seepage.
Excessive use of chemical dyes should be restricted and should
be replaced with vegetable dyes. Hotspots of dumping /active
contamination were identified with certain remediation efforts,
partly addressed by supply of solid waste to cement industry.
Potential solution of many pH related problem is installation of
permeable reactive wall. Bio-sorbents developed using some
natural dyes waste to filter the heavy metals & reduction of
colour in the wastewater could also be used.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to Dr. V. K. Dadhwal, Director, and Dr.
Y.V.N. Krishnamurthy, Dy. Director (RSA), NRSC Hyderabad
for encouragements and support.
330
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