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APPLICATION POSSIBILITY OF SMARTPHONE AS PAYLOAD FOR 
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC UAV SYSTEM 
MyungHyun Yun *, Jinsoo Kim^, Dongju Seo ©, Jongchool Lee ¢, Chuluong Choi ^ * 
* Department of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon3-Dong, Nam-Gu, 
Busan 608-737, South Korea, Tel : +82-51-629-6655, Fax : +82-51-629-6653 
® ZEN21, 2nd Floor, RNC Building, 981-1 Bangbae 3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul , 137-848, South Korea 
© Department of Civil Engincering, Pukyong National University, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 608-739, South Korea 
Commission IV, WG IV/8 
KEY WORDS: UAV system, smartphone, android, 
ABSTRACT: 
Smartphone can not only be operated under 3G network environment anytime and anyplace but also cost less than the existing 
photogrammetric UAV since it provides high-resolution image, 3D location and attitude data on a real-time basis from a variety of 
built-in sensors. This study is aimed to assess the possibility of smartphone as a payload for photogrammetric UAV system. Prior to 
such assessment, a smartphone-based photogrammetric UAV system application was developed, through which real-time image, 
location and attitude data was obtained using smartphone under both static and dynamic conditions. Subsequently the accuracy 
assessment on the location and attitude data obtained and sent by this system was conducted. The smartphone images were converted 
into ortho-images through image triangulation. The image triangulation was conducted in accordance with presence or absence of 
consideration of the interior orientation (IO) parameters determined by camera calibration. In case IO parameters were taken into 
account in the static experiment, the results from triangulation for any smartphone type were within 1.5 pixel (RMSE), which was 
improved at least by 35% compared to when IO parameters were not taken into account. On the contrary, the improvement effect of 
considering IO parameters on accuracy in triangulation for smartphone images in dynamic experiment was not significant compared 
to the static experiment. It was due to the significant impact of vibration and sudden attitude change of UAV on the actuator for 
automatic focus control within the camera built in smartphone under the dynamic condition. This cause appears to have a negative 
impact on the image-based DEM generation. Considering these study findings, it is suggested that smartphone is very feasible as a 
payload for UAV system. It is also expected that smartphone may be loaded onto existing UAV playing direct or indirect roles 
significantly. 
1. INTRODUCTION On the other hand, state-of-the-art smartphones are light- 
weight in spite of having a variety of sensors (e.g. gyroscope, 
Recently, Photogrammetric unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) global position system (GPS), proximity and magnetometer). 
  
System is not only used to traditional monitoring fields such as 
natural disasters (e.g. landslides, wildfires) but also 
broadcasting. The system is consists of a digital camera, sensors 
(e.g. gyroscope, global positioning system) and communication 
devices (e.g. Wi-Fi, radio modem). 
Since the experiment in which UAV was used for 
photogrammetric application for the first time (Przybilla and 
Wester-Ebbinghaus, 1979), many interesting studies have been 
conducted using various platforms (Bogacki et al, 2008; 
Fotinopoulos, 2004; Mihajlovic et al., 2008; Remondino et al., 
2009). In UAV system the communications suite allows the 
Operator to supervise and control the flying vehicle during the 
mission. Wzorek and others (2006) proposed the global system 
for mobile communications (GSM) technology as a 
communication media for an autonomous UAV. 
However, UAV systems have payload limitation requires the 
use of light-weighted sensors, which often affect the accuracy of 
data provided by the small sensors. 
* Corresponding author. 
Therefore, the use of smartphone allows the system to be 
established at much lower cost than the existing UAV system. 
However, there has been no study on this using smartphone 
technology. 
This study is aimed to assess the feasibility of smartphone as 
a payload for photogrammetric UAV system. Also, this paper is 
intended to carry out the development of the photogrammetric 
UAV system application to send and monitor the images 
automatically taken by the smartphone loaded onto UAV and 
the data obtained from a variety of sensors built in the 
smartphone. 
2. METHOD 
2.4 Smartphone-based photogrammetric UAV system 
We developed the system that consists of UAV photography 
system, field monitoring system and UAV monitoring 
management system (Figure 1). UAV photography system 
consists of fixed-wing UAV (Multiplex Cularis electric glider 
331