ARF 102.75”), Android OS-based smartphone loaded to UAV 
(one Samsung Galaxy S and two S2s) and bluetooth GPS 
(Ascen GPS 742). Galaxy S and S2 use Android OS 2.3 
Gingerbread, which is a full touch bar type of smartphone (table 
1). And the field monitoring system consists of a smartphone 
and a laptop computer to monitor various information (e.g. 
taken image, 3d location, attitude) obtained by smartphone in 
UAV photography system. Also, the UAV monitoring 
management system consists of a web server and a database 
server. 
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Figure 1. Diagram of the smartphone-based photogrammetric 
UAV system. 
Table 1. Technical specification of Samsung Galaxy S and S2 
(Samsung mobile, 2012a, 2012b) 
Galaxy S | Galaxy S2 
  
  
Device type Smart phone (Full touch bar) 
  
Operation System Android 2.3 Gingerbread 
  
122.4 mm(L) x 64.2 125.3 mm(L) x 66.1 
  
  
  
  
Dimensions mm (W) x 9.9 mm (H) | mm (W) x 8.49 mm (H) 
Weight 119g 116g 
Talk time (3G) about 393 min about 9 hours 
Processor Single core, 1000 MHz Dual core, 1200 MHz 
Built-in storage 16 GB 32 GB 
  
Storage expansion microSD, microSDHC (up to 32GB) 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Display technology Super AMOLED Super AMOLED Plus 
Display physical size 4.0 inches 4.27 inches 
Display resolution 480 x 800 pixels 
Battery capacity 1500 mAh | 1650 mAh 
Camera imagesensor CMOS (with Auto Focus) 
Camera resolution 5 megapixels | 9 megapixels 
Communication devices | WCDMA/GSM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi 
Accelerometer, Accelerometer, 
Sensors Magnetometer, Magnetometer, 
Proximity Proximity, Gyroscope 
  
  
2.2 Dynamic experiment 
The area for the dynamic experiment using UAV was located in 
Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, in which a new town project is 
under construction (approximately 40,000 m?) (Figure 2a). 
There are gravels and sands for construction purpose ubiquitous 
all around the experimental area. In other words, since the 
experimental area contains various topographical relieves, it is 
appropriate to assess DEM generated using the smartphone 
images obtained through the developed system. Before actual 
flight, the survey to determine the coordinates of GCPs was 
conducted as in the static experiment, where the 2 criteria points 
were determined by GPS and 67 GCPs were determined by the 
total station (Topcon GPS-7001i) (Figure 2b). Since it is 
difficult to extract the feature point from the images taken in the 
field under construction, this study fabricated and use an aerial 
signal target on its own. In addition, terrestrial laser scanning 
was conducted to generate DEM for the test area and the 
obtained smartphone image processing was done by LPS. 
me 
  
  
Figure 2. The experiment was conducted in the arca of a new 
town project, with a very low likelihood of UAV crash or other 
such accidents. (a) Aerial view of the region in which the UAV 
images were taken. The central area (marked in green) is where 
the experiment was conducted. (b) Distribution of the locations 
of GPS base stations, 3D laser scanner, and GCPs on the final 
ortho-images of the experimental area. 
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