International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B4, 2012 
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 
represents the lack of administrative activities. Such impact 
from the administrative side can be seen in the curve of Chinas 
cities. To extract the population growth, the annual population 
growth rate was extracted from the data shown in figure 18. 
3 
8 
  
Figure 19: The population growth rate of the biggest and 
strongest growing agglomerations. (Data from UN 2004 in: UN 
- World Urbanization Prospects) 
The main intention is to compare the trends. Analyses of the 
absolute values are difficult due to different methods used and 
their related data. Even in summarised analyses of the world's 
Mega cities development, bigger agglomerations are placed 
beside single cities. This makes absolute evaluation of those 
sources impossible. 
Figure 19 shows the relation of Istanbul to other rapid growing 
cities using the annual growth-rate. If, what is done often by 
demographic studies, the growth-rate is related to the degree of 
development, Istanbul is similar to South American 
agglomerations and the cities of Teheran, Calcutta, Cairo and 
Manila. This might be a mirror image of the city as a socio- 
economic object. Istanbul is able to compete by economic 
means with South American cities. Of course, it is difficult to 
balance this precisely; many other facts influence growth too. 
Istanbul is definitely a threshold-city by demographic means 
with a good step forward to become a developed one. As 
already seen in the chapters before, there are many strong 
economic developments in Istanbul, but there is still a lack of 
administrative management to do the final step. 
9, RISK-MAPPING 
As one example, how ancillary data in combination with GIS 
might assist in crisis preparedness, the following risk map was 
extracted from the existing data source. To balance the final risk, 
data of the geoscientific survey and research, hydrological 
models and land-use data must be combined with the 3D data to 
achieve a spatial risk-estimation. The combination with 
demographic data or at least the modelled distribution of such 
information with urban structural analysis gives a good 
approximation of a Tsunami Risk-Level as shown below. 
The map above was generated using data of the Moland project 
in combination with demographic data and terrain models 
classified for Tsunami run-up simulations. Even these 
estimations are relatively simple and not very precise, it makes 
the risk level clearly visible. Like that, the areca of 
Büyükcekmece covers residential areas on low-levelled terrain 
that finally can affect 30,000 people by a Tsunami since they 
live in the red coloured zone as shown in Figure 6. Such risk 
maps easily can indicate city planners where risk-factors must be 
taken into account or at least to define clear rules for 
constructing objects in these risky regions. 
September 2012, Melbourne, Australia 
Maps as shown above also support the Crisis Management Team 
to detect sensitive parts of the city and assist them in defining 
ways to access these areas for helping the people. 
  
Figure 20: areas of a certain run-up risk for Tsunamis overlaid 
with land-use data and population density of residential areas. 
Many scientists in our discipline use GIS in combination with 
remotely sensed data and/or aerial photos to extract the land-use 
and analyze them, commonly in combination with spatial or 
non-spatial ancillary data. Terrain-models are used for the 
orthorectification process but as shown above, they can do 
more. There are various possibilities to contribute to risk 
mapping out of such data-sources. Risk-maps also help the 
decision makers to understand the needs for a sustainable 
planning and support an integrated Crisis management. Crisis 
Management and the needed reorganisation of a city can find 
acceptance in the population more easily by presenting these 
risk-maps than any other arguments can do. Like that, these 
maps have a big importance to transport political decisions 
which are needed for a successful crisis management and so 
finally for a better help for the people. 
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Inte 
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