ation
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
DETERMINATION OF MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF LAND USE/ LAND COVER
CHANGES IN TERKOS WATER BASIN, ISTANBUL
F. Bektas Balcik ^ *, C. Goksel *
? ITU, Civil Engineering Faculty, 34469, Maslak Istanbul, Turkey - (bektasfi, goksel)@itu.edu.tr
Commission VII, WG VII/5
KEY WORDS: Land Use, Land Cover, Environment, Change Detection, SPOT, Analysis
ABSTRACT:
Remotely sensed data have huge importance to determine land use/cover changes for sustainable region planning and management.
Variety of techniques in order to detect land cover dynamics using remote sensing imagery have been developed, tested and assessed
with the results varying according to the change scenario, the information required and the imagery applied. In this study, the
modified Change Vector Analysis (mCVA) technique was implemented on SPOT 4 and SPOT 5 multispectral (MS) data to monitor
the dynamics of land use/land cover (LULC) change in Terkos Water Basin, Istanbul. mCVA was applied to multi-temporal data to
compare the differences in the time-trajectory of the Tasseled Cap (TC) brightness, greenness and wetness for two successive time
periods — 2003 and 2007. Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization Technique was used to derive the related TC coefficients for SPOT data.
The efficiency of the technique was assessed based on error matrix. The overall accuracy and Kappa statistic was 84.32 % and 0.81,
respectively. The results indicated that it is possible to produce accurate change detection maps with the help of MCVA and SPOT 4
&SPOT 5 satellite data.
1. INTRODUCTION
Land use and land cover (LULC) change is an essential issue in
monitoring and managing Earth surface. Due to the
anthropogenic and natural activities, the Earth’ surface is being
significantly altered. These alterations are linked to other forms
of environmental degradations and transformations such as
habitat and biodiversity loss, invasive species and ground water
depletion (Lambin and Strahler, 1994; Flores and Yool, 2007).
Accurate and efficient techniques are necessary to provide up-
to-date LULC change information. During recent decades,
remotely sensed imagery became a major data source for LULC
change detection because of the advantages of temporal data,
synoptic view, fast data acquisition and digital format suitable
for computer processing (Lu et al, 2004). Many different
remote sensing change detection algorithms are applied to
determine LULC change detection and to produce thematic
maps for monitoring, planning, and management of natural
resources (Balik Sanli et al, 2007; Bektas Balcik, 2010).
Coppin et al., (2004) give a comprehensive review of the wide
range of change detection techniques.
In this study, Change Vector Analysis (CVA) was selected to
exploit the full range of spectral information contained in the
remotely sensed data to determine the magnitude and direction
of change using SPOT 4 and SPOT 5 MS data from the years of
2003, and 2007. Change magnitude and direction were
determined by using brightness, greenness and wetness axes of
the Tasseled Cap Transform (Kauth-Thomas transform). LULC
change dynamics were delineated by applying ISODATA
classification. The performance of mCVA method was analyzed
by calculating overall accuracy and Kappa statistic.
*
Corresponding Author :Asst. Prof. Dr. Filiz Bektas Balcik
2. STUDY AREA
In this study, Terkos Water Basin, Ístanbul was selected as
study area. Lake Terkos is one of the most important drinking
water sources of the Istanbul. The natural freshwater lake is
located northwest Istanbul and is separated from the Black Sea
with a thin land barrier (Figure 1). It lies between latitudes
40°19'N and 41°42'N, and longitudes 28?29'E and 28?32'E. The
area of the basin is 632 km? and the area of the Lake Terkos is
42 km’. The region includes agricultural areas, vegetated lands,
a fresh water lake, mixed forest, wetlands and residential areas.
Lake Terkos is an important vegetation area (Ozhatay et al.,
2003) and it provides approximately 25% of drinking water
demand of Istanbul (Coskun et al., 2006).
Figure 1. Location of Istanbul and Terkos Water Basin
Rapid industrialization, urbanization and population increase
have caused to changes in landscape characteristics of the
Istanbul. This urban growth causes dramatic problems in use of
the natural resources such as fresh water supplies.
bektasfi@itu.edu.tr
