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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ANALYSIS IN BUCHAREST CITY
USING CORONA, SPOT HRV AND IKONOS IMAGES
Ioan Noaje *, Ion Gr. Sion *
* Geodetic and Photogrammetric Department, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest,
Bd. Lacul Tei 124, Sect 2, Bucharest, Cod 020396, O.P. 38, ROMANIA,
E-mail: noaje@rdslink.ro; srft@rdslink.ro
Commission VII, Working Group VII/5
KEY WORDS: Urban, Change Detection, IKONOS, Multitemporal, Interpretation, Multiresolution
ABSTRACT:
Bucharest, capital of Romania, deals with serious difficulties as a result of urban politics: influx of people due to industrialization
and development of dormitory areas, lack of a modern infrastructure, absence of coherent and long term urban development politics,
continuous depletion of environment. This paper presents a multisensor study relying on multiple data sets, both analogical and
digital: satellite images (Corona — 1964 panchromatic, SPOT HRV - 1994 multispectral and panchromatic, IKONOS — 2007
multispectral), aerial photographs - 1994, complementary products (topographic and thematic maps). Georeferenced basis needs to
be generated to highlight changes detection. The digital elevation model is generated from aerial photography 1:5,000 scaled,
acquired in 1994. First a height correction is required followed by an affine transformation to the ground control points identified
both in aerial photographs and IKONOS image. SPOT-HRV pansharpened satellite image has been rectified on georeferenced
IKONOS image, by an affine transformation method. The Corona panoramic negative film was scanned and rubber sheeting method
is used for rectification. The first 25 years of the study period (1964-1989) are characterized by growth of industrial areas, high
density apartment buildings residential areas and leisure green areas by demolition of cultural heritage areas (hundred years old
churches and architectural monuments). Changes between the imagery were determined partially through visual interpretation, using
elements such as location, size, shape, shadow, tone, texture, and pattern (Corona image), partially using unsupervised classification
(SPOT HRV and IKONOS). The second period of 18 years (1989-2007) highlighted considerable growth of residential areas in the
city neighborhood, simultaneously with the diminish of green areas and massive deforestation in confiscated areas before and
returned to the original owners.
1. INTRODUCTION
A new-comer in the European Union, Bucharest, capital of
Romania, deals with serious difficulties as a result of urban
politics prior and after 1989: influx of people due to
industrialization and development of dormitory areas
(approximately 8096 of the inhabitants live in apartment
buildings), lack of a modern infrastructure, absence of coherent
and long term urban development politics, continuous depletion
of environment. Future accomplishment of metropolitan area of
Bucharest, following west European model involves advanced
solutions for rehabilitations and spatial planning of area, at
urban, rural and regional level, in accordance with requirements
of sustainable development.
Certain parameters which describe urban area particularities,
but also quantify its development degree must be monitored.
This range of parameters include a large variety of domains:
social and economic development, supply/demand ratio on the
real estate market, infrastructure, public transportation,
environment.
This research monitored the following urban development and
ecological comfort parameters: dynamics of high density
residential areas, in close connection with conversion of arable
land outside city to inner urban perimeter, road infrastructure
evolution, industrial areas evolution, leisure green areas
evolution, water areas evolution (Blakely et al, 2002).
Due to their specific techniques for data recording and analysis,
photogrammetry and especially remote sensing are exquisite
means in change detection in urban and peri-urban areas.
2. STUDY ZONE AND DATA SOURCE
2.1 Urban remote sensing monitoring
Nowadays more than half of the global population is living in
cities. Thus, human settlements represent the most dynamic
regions on earth. In order to cope with this development, urban
planning and management requires up-to-date information
about the various processes taking place within the urban zones.
With recent innovations in data acquisition technologies and
theories in the wider arena of Earth Observation, urban remote
sensing, or urban applications of remote sensing, have rapidly
gained popularity among a wide variety of communities. Urban
and regional planners are increasingly using remote sensing to
derive information on the urban environment in a timely,
detailed and cost-effective way to accommodate various
planning and management activities. More and more urban
researchers are using remote sensing to extract urban structure
information for studying urban geometry, which can help
develop theories and models of urban morphology.
Environmental scientist are increasingly relying upon remote
sensing to derive urban land cover information as a primary
boundary condition used in many spatially distributed models.
The benefit of remote sensing is its capability of acquiring
images that cover a large area, providing a synoptic view that
allows identifying objects, patterns and human-land interaction.
Remote sensing provides additional measures for urban studies.
