- surface 
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istruction 
anes are 
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one of the five buildings with multiple intersecting roof planes 
is also reconstructed very well, since its ridge lines are 
completely inferred from Lidar data. The other 33 buildings 
cannot be reconstructed correctly since the important structural 
lines on their roofs are covered by trees or the outlines of small 
structures are not drawn on the topographic map. All of these 
incorrect models should be refined manually, by 
photogrammetry, outline estimation from Lidar data, and even 
field work, for instance. 
5. CONCLUSIONS 
The residual tensor ellipses presented here can be regarded as 
indicators to evaluate the quality of registration and to show 
where manual modification may be needed during model 
construction. The experiments have shown that the proposed 
method for the building reconstruction procedure with Lidar 
data and topographic map information, including feature 
extraction, registration, reconstruction and quality analysis, can 
be processed automatically and yields reliable results. Although 
manual editing is needed in order to achieve refined 3D 
building models, the results have shown that our method can 
save time and expense for model construction by using tensor 
ellipses. 
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