Figure3. 1:5.000 Scaled Topographical Map
Figure4. 1:5.000 Scaled Pipeline Layouts
Obstacle lists of pipeline prepare at design stage of projects and
contain information regarding spatial objects that has
intersection with pipeline axis like overhead power line and
underground cables. These lists have coordinates of objects,
owners' information and material etc. In this research pipeline
obstacle list has been used as attribute table of spatial data and
is given Figure 5.
[ Meme | WP | Easting | Horthing | Elevation | Owner| Material | Type | Radius | Clearance | Voltage
NG4.014 dub 4090891: — 8103154. 160848 «Nub «Nub «Nu» — «Nub — «Nub Nul»
NGS-903 | 3517.16 — 5641502: 4502497: 129577 «Nub «Nub «ub dub dub «Nul»
SKG4-906 | 20535 — 4112892. — 5055097: —— 196451 DS] BETON repez -Nüb — «Nub ET
NOL05 | 434337 4451789. — 3639945 78218 «Nu — «Nub «ub — ib — qu Nui»
NGL178 | 863948 7140.69 560195: 959279 «Nub — «Nube qu» — b —ub qui
SKG4-951 |1337014 — 791422. — 6168444 — 610251 SI — BETON | Traper us — «Nub dub
NG3-951 1342385 — 7808142. — 8121762: 809824 «Nub — «Nub «Nub dub — «Nub «Nuls
NG2018 :1345871. — 785i. — 8091233: 809752 «Nub «Nub «Nb — «Nd — «Nub ET
NG3-071 : 1469945 7341892. — 5003/81 810968 -Nub «Nub «Wb — «db ub Nul»
NG2952 148190] 737185: 4587829. 810248 «Nub «Nub qu» — «b — «db ui
NBOL000 | 94804 — 7531301. 9892827. S97138 TEDAS «Nub «Nu» — 40 <ul> <ul>
65.244 7328 — 4149472: 7943409 165393 KHOM — «Nub. «ub dub dub «Nul»
YO4015 | 114833 4328361. 6929714: 240888 KHOM «Nub «Nub — «Mdb — «Nub aui
YGA017 | 20197 4124534. — 8006909: — 210365 KHOM «Nub «ub — «db Nu ETS
NGSS | 1885 ^ 428 G0. — 2052 WM «b — ab — qub — qub qub
YG&-05 | 491337 — 4712756: — 345140 59717 KHOM Ab «b Nib «Nu qu» —
YGA-018 503058 — 4823715: — 3271469 49301 KHOM — «Nub «ub — «ib ub Nul»
YGE-018 | 5080239 4863505. 3228094 49598 KHOM ub» Ab — «b — «Nub qui»
Voë-co6 7593.48 8615043. 1457028 24.583 KHOM — «Nub qub — «ib ub ETS
Figure5. Pipeline Obstacle List Sample
2.3 Reasoning Mechanism
The reasoning mechanism developed for identification of
hazards automatically by the system by using project
topography and layout maps, is based on automatically
execution of spatial queries and spatial analysis. Furthermore
reasoning mechanism for identifying a spatial hazard is based
on geographic objects represented by points, lines and polygons
on the map (e.g., roads, underground cables); related hazard
was represented in a vector model.
Elevation
Figure6. Derived Raster Data
The hazards that needs to be defined based on slope and altitude
were represented in a raster model since they are associated
with heights which is represented in raster data format in GIS.
Derived data shown in Figure6 is used to determine hazards
relevant to terrain. Moreover used analysis methods are given
below Table2.
Spatial Analysis Functions
Linear Referencing - to define working interval on
Dynamic pipeline,
Segmentation
- to determine and model hazards
relevant to heights (i.e. working
Height Analysis and travelling to height etc.)
- to determine and model hazards
Slope Analysis relevant to slope (i.e. equipment
using on steep slopes etc.)
- to determine and model hazards
Buffer Analysis relevant to centerline (i.e. access
egress to trench etc.)
Table2. Spatial analysis and functions to be used
Regarding hazard risk assessments’, whose data are stored in
the system, is performed in three steps: (1) The risks ratings for
project-independent hazards are entered by the system
developer/H&S personnel only once as default values, and these
ratings are used for all pipeline projects, (2) The risk ratings for
non-spatial and project dependent hazards are entered by the
H&S personnel at the beginning of each project, (3) the risk
ratings for project dependent and spatial hazards are
automatically identified by the system by using project
topography and layout maps and presented to the user.
According to H&S DSS work flow as shown in Figure 7., once
the risk ratings are created, a worker or a project engineer, can
enter the location of the activity in the system (e.g., between 10-
15 km) and enter the type of activity that s/he will perform in
that area (e.g., trenching). The system will provide a thematic
risk map where different risk ratings are shown as colour-coded
areas along with the proposed mitigation measures. For instance
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