In this paper, an attempt has been made to estimate
the surface temperature of the Baspa Basin from
Landsat TM5 thermal band data (Band6, wavelength
from 10.31 to 12.36 um, having 120 m resolution.
The extracted surface temperature data was compared
with retrieved surface temperatures by National
Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
2. INVESTIGATION AREA AND DATA USED
In the present Investigation, the main Investigation
area is Gangotri glacier and whole Investigation area
covers 6 Districts of Uttarakhand are Haridwar,
Dehradun, Uttarkashi, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal
and Pauri and 1District of Uttar Pradesh that is
Saharanpur. The complete Gangotri glacier system
along with its tributaries covers an area of 210.60 sq
km (ETM+2000). The area and length of the main
trunk of the glacier is 62.112sq km and 29.85
km respectively. The average width of the glacier is
1.85 km. The glacier, lies between 79°4 46.13” E-
70916949" E and 3043 4700” N-30°55
51.05” N (ETM+2000). It has varying elevation
of 4,015-6,145 meters above sea level (Haq et.
al., 2011).
Landsat- TM data was used in this Investigation. The
multi data sets were acquired on Oct 21 1990 and
Nov 13 2010. They consist of Band 6, Thermal
Infrared data, and were obtained from the Global
Visualization Viewer (Glovis) in GeoTiff format.
Figure 1. Landsat TM5, 1990 Band 6
image of study area of study area
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B8, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
Band/Satellite Date of Sun Sun
Sensor Acqusition | Elevation | Azimuth
6/Landsat TM Oct 21 41 37.80
5 1990
6/Landsat TM Nov 13 142 154.75
S 2010
12/ASTER Sep 9 47.35 87.15
2001
Figure 2.ASTER, 2001 band 12 Image Figure 3. Landsat TM5, 2010 Band 6
Tablel. Landsat AND ASTER data used in current
investigation.
3. METHODOLOGY
The strong absorption by snow in the infrared region
allows the calculation of the surface temperature of
snow from satellite thermal channels. The infrared
radiance measured from a satellite can be converted
to surface radiance by applying the Emissivity
Normalization method. The surface radiance is then
converted to surface temperature. The methodology
followed is schematically shown in Figure 3. Both
thermal bands of 1990 and 2010 were processed
using ENVI 4.7.
image of study area
Internatio
3.1 Landsa
Initially wi
Landsat T!
spectral r
(reflectanc:
post-launcl
(L3) is calc
Where: Q(
radiance ir
LM
LM
QCALMA
LM
published
The result;
square me
(m°*sr*un
The exoat
using the 1
Where:
L, is the s
d isthe E
ESUN, is
ENVI use
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