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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B8, 2012
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TWS:CWR CWR (ML) TWS (ML)
MIN 0.06 14.91 0.00
MAX 13.14 9440.57 5089.22
Mean 1.53 1384.97 1296.51
SD 1.30 1438.61 1035.81
Table 2. Summary statistics of CWR and TWS, Jan-Apr 2009
(n = 230).
4. DISCUSSION
Irrigation benchmarking is a process of assessing irrigation
performance by using measurable indicators to support decision
making for improvement in irrigation (Rodriguez-Diaz et al.
2008, Santos et al. 2010). One of the key performance
indicators is TWS to an ‘irrigation unit’ in relation to the CWR
within that spatial unit (McAllister 2008). This study
demonstrated the feasibility of using TWS:CWR indicator in
the context of Australian irrigated crops. The use of Satellite
Remote Sensing for the estimates of ET and CWR is relatively
new (Santos et al. 2010) as compared to the traditional FAO
methodology (Allen et al., 1998). Remote sensing approach has
the advantage of providing the continuous coverage of ET
(actual) and CWR in contrast to point estimates by traditional
method.
The ratio TWS:CWR is a single value indicator and is easy to
interpret. However the single values of indicator do not provide
adequate perspective of the volume of irrigation and water use
involved. Itis desirable to examine the TWS and CWR values
separately. The scatter graph (Figure 3) shows the wide range
of values at pod-level. For the whole Catchment, water supply
was short of water demand but as the graph shows, there were
considerable variations.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The results show that the satellite-derived measurements (Crop
water use, crop water requirement, irrigation areas) in
combination of water supply information from VWR, provide
the capacity to customise irrigation performance indicators to
suit particular time period and particular crops. The approach
demonstrates the ability to report water use in a spatial context,
which is potentially scalable from farm to Catchment. The
results of this study will be used to support an irrigation water
use appraisal system and the reporting of water use efficiency as
part of the evaluation process for modernisation in the
Catchment.
6. REFERENCES
Abuzar, M., McAllister, A., Whitfield, D., Morse-McNabb, E.,
Savige, C., 2008. Remote sensing tools and approaches to
integrated irrigation water management at farm and regional
scales. 14th Australasian Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry
Conference, Darwin.
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M., 1998. Crop
€vapotranspiration.
Guidelines for computing crop water
requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, Rome,
Italy, 300 pp.
Allen, R. G., Tasumi, M., Trezza, R., 2007. Satellite-based
energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with
internalised calibration (METRIC) —Model. Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. ASCE, 133, pp. 380 -
394.
Chander, G., Markham, B. L., Helder, D. L., 2009. Summary of
current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS,
TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of
Environment, 113(5), pp. 893-903.
McAllister, A., 2008. Irrigation Water Use Efficiency
Benchmarking, Final Report. Department of Primary Industries,
Future Farming Research Division, Tatura.
McAllister, A., Whitfield, D., Abuzar, A., Morse-McNabb, E.,
2009. Regional Water Use Monitoring. Paper presented at
Surveying & Spatial Sciences Institute Biennial International
Conference, 28 September — 2 October 2009, Adelaide
Convention Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
Rodriguez-Diaz, J. A., Camacho-Poyato, E., Lopez-Luque, R.,
Perez-Urrestarazu, L., 2008. Benchmarking and multivariate
data analysis techniques for improving the efficiency of
irrigation districts: An application in Spain. Agricultural
Systems, 96, pp.250-259.
Santos, C., Lorite, I, Tasumi, M., Allen, R., Fereres. E., 2010.
Performance assessment of an irrigation scheme using
indicators determined with remote sensing techniques.
Irrigation Science, 28(6), pp. 461-477.
Teixeira, A. H. d. C., Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Ahmad, M. D.,
Bos, M. G., 2009. Reviewing SEBAL input parameters for
assessing evapotranspiration and water productivity for the
Low-Middle Sao Francisco River basin, Brazil. Part A:
Calibration and validation. Agricultural and Forest
Meteorology, 149, pp. 462-476.
Whitfield, D., McAllister, A., Abuzar M., Sheffield, K.,
O’Connell, M, McClymont, L., 2010. Measurement,
monitoring and reporting systems for improved management of
farm and regional water resources in Australia: Final Report.
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Whitfield, D. M., O'Connell, M. G., McAllister, A.
McClymont, L., Abuzar, M., Sheffield, K., 2011. SEBAL-
METRIC estimates of crop water requirement in horticultural
crops grown in SE Australia. Acta Hort. 922, pp. 141-148.
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was funded by the Victorian Department of Primary
Industries (DPI) and the Victorian Department of Sustainability
and Environment (DSE).
