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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B8, 2012 
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia 
2. METHODS 
2.1 Study area 
The Phewa lake watershed area is located in the 
south-west corner of the Pokhara valley (28°7 
N to 28712/N latitude and 84^5^E to 84°10" E 
Longitude) which lies on a relative subsidence 
zone between the greater Himalaya and 
Mahabharat range. This watershed is spread 
fully or partially of six VDCs (Sarangkot, 
KaskiKot, Dhikurpokhari, Bhadaure Tamagi, 
Chapakot and Pumdi Bhumdi) and the 
southwestern part of the Pokhara sub- 
metropolitan city of Kaski district. It covers an 
area of Approximately 123 km? and the length 
and width of the east-west oriented watershed 
is about 17 and 7 Km respectively. The surface 
area of the Phewa Lake is 4.43 km^ and depth 
from 8.6m to 19 m. The watershed height 
varies from lower part from sea level 793m to 
the upper part 2508m. The mean annual rainfall 
in the study area for the past 10 years from 
2001 to 2010 is 4325.75mm. More than 80% 
of the annual rainfall occurs during the 
monsoon season in the months of June to 
September. The months from October through 
May are generally very dry season. The study 
area is the representation of the hill region of 
Nepal The study area has the scattered 
settlement with different casts. 
2.2 Survey methods 
Socio economic data were obtained from the 
village profile of village development 
committee report published in 2010 and the 
questionnaire survey carried out from the 
different stakeholder’s from the watershed area. 
The report of the village profile contained data 
of whole study area of the Phew watershed 
including the number of house, the number of 
families, income of the families, land use and 
land cover in the study area. The questionnaire 
Survey was conducted to evaluate the impact of 
soil erosion due to the socio economic, climatic 
and anthropogenic factors. 310 questionnaires 
were collected from the 14-sub watershed area 
of stakeholders like farmers, mothers’ group, 
teachers, social workers, NGO/GO officers, 
politicians, students etc. The data collected was 
based on individual interviews, focus group 
discussion key informant interviews and field 
observation method were using questionnaire to 
investigate for the socio-economic and climatic 
and  anthropogenic factors. The primary 
information derived from the questionnaire 
surveyed was climatic, anthropogenic and 
socioeconomic factors. Garmin GPS collected 
GPS points of the household. The collected 
points were projected to the map of the study 
area. Data on average rainfall, humidity and 
temperature were collected from the relevant 
government agencies and  meteorological 
department government of Nepal. These 
climatic data were compared with soil erosion 
of the study area. 
Primary data were collected from a field 
survey. A structured questionnaire composed of 
12 Variables, all potentially influencing for the 
soil erosion were designed to obtain the 
information from the personal interview and 
discussion with all types of stakeholders’. The 
questionnaire collected data about the soil 
erosion details were interviewed. 
Secondary data including demographic 
information about the Phewa watershed area 
such as rainfall, temperature and the list of soil 
erosion from the watershed area were analyzed. 
The soil erosion data were collected from the 
Government office NGO and the village 
development committees. The broad structured 
questionnaires were used for the personal, 
social, economical, resources management, 
climatic and participatory approach for soil 
conservation practices. Additional qualitative 
information such as change in soil conservation 
practices, role of local level institution 
initiation, land management practices six focus 
group discussions in six VDC, 12 key 
informant interviews and through the 
observation of the watershed. Focus group 
discussions were conducted between the 
stakeholders’ farmer, teacher, politician, 
mothers’ group member and NGO/GO officers, 
students. A checklist was prepared for the 
discussion, a researcher was facilitated in