results showed that high decorrelation and backscatter values 
can be an indication of the suspicious location of waste deposits 
Another research was conducted in the City of Venice, Italy 
(Biotto et al., 2009). The main goal of this case study was to 
detect and identify uncontrolled landfill sites. Remote sensing 
and GIS techniques were used to determine these uncontrolled 
landfill sites. The datasets included the IKONOS satellite 
images acquired in 2001 and a 2000 land cover map. Similar to 
the study of Silvestri and Omri (2008), the Maximum likelihood 
classification technique was applied to detect the locations and 
conditions of the landfills by classifying the study areas into 
stressed vegetation, authorized landfill sites, and industrial sites. 
Road networks for easy access roads and a low population 
density were further identified using the GIS. The results 
showed that the integration of remote sensing techniques and 
GIS maps can be used efficiently to narrow down suspicious 
locations of uncontrolled landfill sites (Biotto et al., 2009). 
Previously, Mirtorabi (2010) conducted a preliminary analysis 
on the Trail Road landfill site by using four Landsat images 
acquired in different years and different seasons. However, the 
work focused on the use of NDVI and LST to investigate the 
contamination process within the landfill site and the 
surrounding vegetation. In this study, an in-depth analysis was 
carried out in the Trail Road landfill by analyzing more remote 
sensing Landsat images and improving the quality of the 
derived LST using the atmospheric correction process. 
2. BACKGROUND OF THE LANDFILL SITES 
2.1 The Trail Road Landfill, Ottawa, Canada 
The Trail Road landfill site is located in Ottawa City, Ontario, 
Canada (45?14^ N, 75?45' W) as shown in Figure 1. The Trail 
Road landfill was constructed in December 1978. The 
completed operation of the adjacent Nepean landfill was the 
reason behind the establishment of the Trail Road landfill site. 
The new area acquired on the North side of the Nepean landfill 
site in March 1975 was designated to be the new landfill site. 
The Trail Road landfill site started to accept solid waste in 1980 
to the present. Trail Road landfill contains four stages 
developed sequentially beginning at Stage 1 (farthest to the 
East) and moving Westward to Stage 4 (see Figures 1). The 
total area of the Trail Road landfill site is approximately 2.02 
(km?) surrounded by farmlands, Highway 416 and some light 
industry. The Trail Road landfill is considered the primary 
disposal site for municipal solid waste for the City of Ottawa. 
The Trail Road landfill site is a municipal non-hazardous 
landfill that only accepts residential garbage, construction, 
commercial, institutional, and light industrial waste (Dillon 
Consulting Limited, 2008). 
2.2 The Al-Jleeb Landfill, Al-Farwanyah, Kuwait 
The Al-Jleeb landfill site is considered the largest existing 
landfill site in the City of Al-Farwanyah with a total area 5.5 
km? (Schrapp & Mutairi, 2010). The Al-Jleeb landfill site is 
located in the City of Al-Farwanyah, Kuwait as shown in Figure 
2. The site accepts industrial, commercial, and municipal solid 
waste. However, construction, demolition, and sludge waste are 
all located in the south-eastern half of the landfill. The Al-Jleeb 
landfill site is owned by the Government of Kuwait. The landfill 
site was licensed by Kuwait Municipality to dispose municipal 
    
the total domestic waste in Kuwait (Schrapp & Mutairi, 2010). 
Since 1992, complaints regarding the hazardous effects of the 
landfill site have been reported due to bad odors emanating 
(Schrapp & Mutairi, 2010). 
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Figure 1. Study area of the Nepean and the Trail Road landfill 
sites 
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Figure 2. Study area of the Nepean and the Trail Road landfill 
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3. DATASETS AND METHODS 
3.1 Datasets 
The study involves two datasets for two case studies: 
3.1.1 Trail Road Landfill 
Trail Road landfill involves two categories of data: 1) multi- 
temporal Landsat satellite images; and 2) landfill gas 
measurements acquired from ground monitoring wells. Images 
from years 2007 and 2008 (taken at different acquisition dates, 
April to October) were downloaded from the USGS Earth as 
shown in Table 1. The spatial resolution for the Landsat images 
is 30 m for the multi -spectral bands and 60 m for the thermal 
bands. All these images were imported into PCI Geomatics 
V10.1, clipped, and then projected into the UTM Zone 18 
coordinate system. The atmospheric correction was conducted 
to retrieve optimal results for the LST, using sensor parameters 
solid waste in 1980, and the landfill has received about 58% of 
  
  
  
     
   
    
    
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
  
  
  
  
     
   
  
  
  
    
   
     
     
    
  
   
    
  
    
   
   
  
    
    
    
   
    
      
    
      
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