ity transfor- 
ning average 
rmined sta- 
mera station 
tant errors. 
; should be 
lat any re- 
iot possible 
IS as derived 
|sed as auxi- 
ld substanti- 
effect empi- 
in configura- 
ighted 
al of 
assment of 
st their "true" 
isted block. 
n of the ex- 
tal ground 
has to con- 
hat the gap 
rable. This 
potential of 
f this test 
ing all auxi- 
o be 
It is evident, that in this case the contribution of the navigation data to the block accuracy 
were only marginal, as expected. Nevertheless, taking circumstances into account, the results of 
this particular experiment can be interpreted as confirming the expected effectiveness of CPNS 
camera station positioning data in the joint block adjustment. 
The main feature of auxiliary positioning data is that they are, to some extent, a substitute 
for horizontal ground control. This can eventually be be pushed to the point that no ground con- 
trol at all is required. In order to demonstrate the possibility the test block was once more 
adjusted without any horizontal groundcontrol. The joint blockadjustment was, with regard to 
planimetry, based only on the 53 CPNS camera station coordinates (corrected for constant errors) 
and on the photogrammetric tie points. 
The resulting absolute accuracy of the adjusted block, expressed in r.m.s. coordinate errors of 
34 check points, was in this case: 
u, * 0.36 m, i, = 003m. 
This result is highly interesting, when compared with the coordinate precision of the auxiliary 
camera stations of 2,2 m. Although ground control points can only be deleted completely when 
constant or systematic errors of the auxiliary data are negligible or are calibrated otherwise, 
the example demonstrates convincingly the effectiveness of auxiliary positioning data and the 
success of joint adjustment. 
4, Conclusion 
The experiment "Bodensee 1982" with the CPNS navigation system has given an indication of the 
high precision of the camera positioning capability of the system. It was also demonstrated that 
utilization of such auxiliary data in joint block adjustment is highly effective. With such data 
the control requirements for horizontal control can be substantially reduced in small scale 
mapping projects. 
Although the experiments refer to a small testblock only, the results allow general conclusions 
as to the high potential of utilizing survey flight navigation data as auxiliary data for block- 
triangulation. The positive experience gained previously with statoscope and APR concerning ver- 
tical auxiliary data can certainly be extended to horizontal camera positioning data. Further 
research is required, expecially when extending to inertial or GPS navigation systems and to 
attitude data. Such research is encouraged. It is expected to complete and widen the economic 
and operational range of aerial triangulation. 
REFERENCES 
|1| F. Ackermann: Progress in aerial triangulation for medium-scale and small-scale topo- 
graphic mapping; 8th UN Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East, 
Bangkok, 1973; : 
J.M. Zarzycki: The use of auxiliary data in aerial triangulation; Invited Paper, Comm. III, 
ISP Congress Ottawa, 1972, 24 p.; 
W. Faig: Independent model triangulation with auxiliary vertical control; Presented Paper, 
Comm. III, ISP Congress Helsinki, 1976. 
| 2] F.L. Corten: Survey navigation and determination of camera orientation elements; .Photo- 
grammetria, 1959/1960, 4, p. 251 - 281.