th the system 
i 
Jon w 
25000) before (a) and after (b) the transformati 
1 scale 1: 
igina 
A topographic map (or 
ORI/SORA-MP 
Fig. 4 
istance from a central point increases (Lichtner, 1982) 
(b) decreases continuously as the d 
in 
] map 
The scale 
( 
     
  
      
  
  
Staatsvermessungsamt Darmstadt) 
gina 
ory