Tab.1 Results of bundle block adjustment utilizing all ground
control points
Positioning | Version (method Stand.
without/with | of bundle block devia.
range corre. adjustment) (m)
without/with | (AT)/(GPS/AT) | +Sx | Sy | +Sz
without AT 0.029 | 0.030 | 0.067
without GPS/AT 1. 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.067
without GPS/AT. 2, 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.067
without GPS/AT 3. 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.068
with GPS/AT 1. 0.031 | 0.031 | 0.069
with GPS/AT 2. 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.067
with GPS/AT 3. 0.030 | 0.031 | 0.069
Tab.2 Results of bundle block adjustment based on four
ground control
points
Positioning | Version (method Stand.
without/with | of bundle block deviat.
range corre. adjustment) (m)
without/with | (AT)/(GPS/AT) | £52 | 4Sy | £Sz
without AT 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.176
without GPS/AT 1. 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.105
without GPS/AT 2. 0.042 | 0.043 | 0.106
without GPS/AT 3. 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.107
with GPS/AT 1. 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.101
with GPS/AT 2. 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.103
with GPS/AT 3. 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.125
Tab.3 Results of bundle block adjustment based on one
ground control
point
Positioning | Version (method Stand.
without/with | of bundle block deviat.
range corre. adjustment) (m)
without/with | (AT)/(GPS/AT) | £Sz | +Sy | +Sz
without AT
without GPS/AT 1. 0.075 | 0.078 | 0.152
without GPS/AT 2. 0.089 | 0.094 | 0.153
without GPS/AT 3. 0.144 | 0.147 | 0.196
with GPS/AT 1. 0.080 | 0.084 | 0.120
with GPS/AT 2. 0.088 | 0.093 | 0.143
with GPS/AT 3. 0.147 | 0.115 | 0.188
Tab.4 Results of bundle block adjustment computed wi-
thout ground control points
Positioning | Version (method Stand.
without/with | of bundle block deviat.
range corre. adjustment) (m)
without/with | (AT)/(GPS/AT) | +Sx | +Sy | +Sz
without AT
without GPS/AT 1. 0113 | 0.120 | 0.151
without GPS/AT 2. 0.133 | 0.145 | 0.199
without GPS/AT 3. 0.159 | 0.173 | 0.217
with GPS/AT 1. 0.116 | 0.126 | 0.156
with GPS/AT 2. 0.132 | 0.145 | 0.174
with GPS/AT 3. 0.231 | 0.233 | 0.247
216
* AT : conventional bundle block adjustment
GPS/AT 1. : antenna coordinates from pre-corrected GPS
data
GPS/AT 2. : antenna coordinates without pre-corrected of
GPS data
GPS/AT 3. : GPS antenna coordinate differences
For combined bundle block adjustment of the ”RHEIN-
KAMP" testblock the following conclusions can be drawn:
a) With respect to conventional adjustments utilizing all
ground control points additional support through GPS po-
sitioning does not lead to an increase in accuracy. The
whole block is already sufficiently supported by the set of
ground control points and the internal stability of the block
geometry (see tab. 1). The gain in accuracy utilizing GPS
data and only four ground control points becomes apparent
in tab. 2 for the height.
b) For the block configuration without cross strips, the
adjustment diverges when only one or no ground control
points is utilized within the "GPS coordinate differential
method"; but the adjustment of the block configuration
containing cross strips can be performed. Obviously the
block's geometry has a significant influence on the results.
The combined bundle block adjustment free from ground
control points but relying on GPS data makes it to an ac-
curacy of 0.113m to 0.233m in position and of 0.151m to
0.247m in the highest component.
c) When applying range corrections from relative positio-
ning the adjustments lead to generally higher accuracies
than computations performed with absolute positions. This
is clearly demonstrated by entering only one ground control
point or even none; in these cases relative positioning pro-
vides more accurate control information for stabilizing the
whole block.
d) After processing of the various adjustment methods the
one utilizing "GPS antenna coordinate differences" without
cross strips did not come up with any results. These data
can only provide relative control information which is in-
sufficient for supporting bundle block adjustments at weak
geometric propertions of blocks. For practical applications
of " GPS antenna coordinate differences" four terrestial con-
trol points showed be determined; otherwise a combination
plain antenna coordinates has to be taken into considera-
tion.
3.2 GPS-supported bundle block adjust-
ment of the "BLUMENTHALPL" test-
block
The "BLUMENTHAL" testarea in the northern part of the
German "Ruhrgebiet" covers 3km x 5km of farmland. The
block consists of five strips at an image scale of 1:6300 with
an endlap of 8096 and a sidelap of 6096. Further technical
data of the GPS- supported photo flight "BLUMENTHAL"
are
