| 
] 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Remote Sens ing Geographical Geographical Computer Aided 
Image —1 Information System |-4 Expert System |— Mapping 
| | L | | | 
Image Base Graphics| {Attribute Knowledge | | Inference Legend & 
Base Base Base Engine Symbol Base 
| | | | 
Remote Sensing Geo-Code 
Information Model Model 
Knowledge 
Acquisition 
| 
  
  
  
  
r 
Interface for user 
  
  
  
  
| 
Interface for expert 
  
  
  
  
Fig. 2 Modern Geographical Methods 
(1) How to gain and manage geographical data? 
(2) How to acquire geographical knowledge 
from geographer, and formalize, represent 
and manage them ? 
(3) How to control the inference with 
geographical knowledge on geographical 
data ? 
We have designed a GES on Micro-Computer, 
which is called as Micro-Computer 
Geographical Expert System (MCGES) .There are 
three main module in MCGES, that is, 
a. Micro-computer Geographical Information 
System (MOGIS), which is used to solve 
problem (1). 
b. Geographical Knowledge Base System (GKB), 
which is designed to solve problem (2). 
Cc. Geographical Inference Engine (GIE),which 
is designed to solve problem (3). 
The structure of MCGES can be shown as Fig.3. 
  
2.1 MOGIS — data acquisition and management 
system of MCGES 
Geographical data may be defined as digits or 
values, graphics, images and maps etc, which 
express geographical information. A GIS 
(MCGIS) with integrative structure and 
completed functions is developed to acquisite 
and manage data for MCGES. MOGIS not only can 
be used as an independent GIS,but also can be 
consistant with the main system (MCGES) as a 
global data base. The data structure, file 
format and operations in MCGIS are designed 
to fit with MCGES. 
As a sub-system of MCGES, MCGIS has two main 
functions (Fig.4): 
(1) Data management, that is, inputting, 
pre-processing, operating, managing and 
outputting geographical data (maps and 
attribute forms); 
(2) Solving geographical problems with known 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
models. 
User Expert 
| 
Graphics Attribute —] Interface Knowledge 
Edit Input Acquisition 
| | | | 
Graphics Attribute Geographical Geographical 
Base Base Inference Knowledge 
| | Engine Base 
- He 
Model Analysis Control Exper ience 
| Search Rules 
Match Factors 
Graphics Attribute Operate Facts 
Operation Management etc. etc. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Information System 
— Micro-Computer Geographical — 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
— Geographical — 
Knowledge Base 
Fig. 3 The structure of MCGES 
270 
(1 
(2 
Im 
(1 
(2 
= x