+ 2 | 
Select Insert Clear Field Update Delete 
| 
Thematic data management 
(GIS Attribute) 
| Classification ‘icon’ 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
# 
Controlpoinf 
E 7 NS 
Ve 
Water Sys. | powerline | Phoneline building zone 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Fig. 8 The classification of features in GIS 
$ 1.3 
or m s 
Select || Insert Delete 
ID 
Holder 
Built 
Function 
e eec Lm à 
Factory Institute | School | Hospital Restaurant] Hotel 
Fig. 9 Building Card 
Sup.market 
Bank 
Controlpoint 
   
    
  
    
    
  
  
    
    
      
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
   
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Building Hotel 
„---Di Operations I= inherit Operations 
GIS Alt „Anherit E er Building 
Cperation: * Properties: been” Properties 
select Identifier Propenies: Employees 
insert number Hotelname: properties: 
dalete street manager 
update E" phone number ,.]Employee No. 
22% older »*' | name 
lunctionm - cid position 
business * 
builtdate R salary 
À properties ? Hired on 
^ ( [Derive values Dept. No. 
“Inhe rit nherit From Employ. |Aggr ate 
t. ' [and room&bes: 
LE 
  
   
  
Room&bed 
  
  
  
   
\ 
Postoffice s properties: 
Item 
“+ {rooms 
beds 
room price 
left beds 
  
  
  
  
      
atersystem 
  
  
    
   
    
  
   
Fig.10 Relationship of various 
feature classes in GIS 
778 
a ORACLE 
: *[*| Hotel 
Y GIS Att. Select | Insert 
No. | : ID Hotel name Shohei 
Sree! | Norrebrogade manager | jesper 
city Copenhagen No. | 31908879 
Holder| Elsebeth Leon 
:| Built dote = - . Employees Rooms 
; 14 400 
INCOME 
343565 
m | [i E EL 
building business Emp Room&Bed 
  
Fig. 11 Hotel Card 
4.3.4 Comment The object-oriented model 
emphasizes the entity concept. A card in 
HyperTalk is used to represent a complete object 
including its attributes, operations and the 
relationship between it and other objects. From 
user view. the semantics of model is explicit and 
clear. Here it has been investigated how the 
Oracle system and HyperTalk programming can serve 
as suitable tools for object-oriented models in 
GIS. Though Oracle and HyperTalk are not real 
object-oriented DBMS the integration of them can 
realize the object-oriented database management 
in GIS. Of course, some problems, such as the 
lack of real class and inheritance in HyperTalk, 
need to be overcome. Recently, research in non- 
standard database environments promoted an 
object-oriented model which looks promising to 
overcome some problems that make conventional 
database management systems unsuitable [Frank 
1989b]. However, the realization of the real 
object-oriented database management depends on 
the powerful database management system and 
object-oriented programming language. At present, 
only a few languages support object-orientation 
sufficiently [Frank 1989], and the OODBMS is 
being studied. 
REFERENCE 
[1] Fritsch, D., 1989: "Acquisition, topology and 
structuring of spatial data" 42 Photogrammetric 
Week at Stutgart University. 
[2] Egenhofer,Max J., Andrew U. Frank, 1989a: 
"Object-oriented software engineering 
considerations for future GIS". Second 
International Geographic Informatio Systems 
(IGIS) Symposium, Baltimore, MD. 
[3] Egenhofer,Max J., Andrew U. Frank, 1989b: 
"Object-orient modeling in GIS: Inheritance and 
Propagation". AUTO-CARTO 9, Ninth International 
Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartographic, 
Baltimore, MD. 
[4] Egenhofer,Max J., Andrew U. Frand, 1989c: 
"Inheritance vs. propagation". University of 
Maine, USA. 
[5] Frank,Andrew U., 1989: "Multiple inheritance 
and genericity for the integration of a database 
management system in an object-oriented 
approach". The second International Symposium on 
Object-oriented database, Bad Stein am Ebernberg, 
Germany. September 27-29, 1988. 
Dat 
Arc 
Was