GPS - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC - CG PLANE TABLE MAPPING AND CAD GLOBE 
Hiroyuki Hasegawa,Michiaki Sadasue 
PASCO CORPORATION , Japan 
James A. Rogers,Alissa L. Johnson,Jeffrey F. Yates 
DAT/EM SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL , U.S.A. 
ISPRS Commission IV 
ABSTRACT 
In 1990, PASCO and DAT/EM SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL introduced the MAPCAD system for digital 
mapping. MAPCAD was originally developed to make Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) digitizers 
out of photogrammetric stereoplotters. Now the scope of MAPCAD has broadened to utilize 
surveying instruments as well as stereoplotters. 
A variety of three-dimensional (3D) digitizers, including the GPS receiver, the total 
station surveying system, and the photogrammetric stereoplotter, are combined into the 
MAPCAD system for a full range of mapping abilities. During surveying, mapping symbols and 
related graphical features are acquired in the surveying field. Data is collected in real 
time directly into AutoCAD, a 3D CAD system running on a PC-based computer. The data is 
displayed graphically, and may be edited or further manipulated on site as well. These 
innovative components provide us a new surveying process for Digital mapping. 
Photogrammetric procedures are the important link between small and large scale mapping. 
GPS surveying is applied to small scale mapping (1:50,000) in car navigation mode, and has 
been tested for ground control densification. In addition, the CG plane table surveying 
system was developed by PASCO and has been used successfully since 1990 for large scale 
mapping (1:500,1:250).This ability to use such a wide range of scales in 3D digital mapping 
has led to new flexibility in globe-map combinations at different scales on the PC display. 
Authors propose a new methodological concept, CAD GLOBE,which uses 3D CAD to furnish a full 
precision 3D coordinate system for visualizing the globe at any scale on a PC display. 
AutoCAD can also split the display for projected maps related to their global positions. 
This graphical combination can be linked with 3D Geographic Information Systems,such as 
GEO/SQL software in order to allow direct querying and graphical presentation of geographic 
subjects and SQL attributes. 
KEYWORDS: MAPCAD,3D CAD Digitizers,CG Plane Table Surveying System, AutoCAD, 
CAD Laser Printing,Specification for Digital Mapping,3D GIS,CAD/SQL Combination 
  
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