easily made using those systems,This is 
because their referential materials are 
not well applied by 3D CAD. 
11)Data File Composition 
This step was regarded as the final goal 
for standard digital mapping projects.The 
offical standard exchange file format was 
determined and published by the Japan 
Geographical Survey Institute in 1988. 
12)Automatic Drafting 
For the final output of digital products, 
mapping companies can produce 
automatically drafted maps using X-Y 
flatbed plotters utilizing scribing 
tools, ball point or ink pens.Color 
electrostatic plotters are used only for 
intermediate products. CAD laser plotting 
is the latest method from PASCO in this 
field. 
Ground control Survey (&) 
Signalization 
Aerial Photography (%%) 
Field Survey (%%) 
Aerial Triangulation (&) 
Photogrammetric Compilation 
of digital data (###) 
Supplementary topographic survey (###) 
Supplementary field survey and editing 
(###) 
Compilation of digital data (###) 
Editing digital geographic data (%%) 
Editing/Updating standard files (%%) 
Analyzing and adjusting the results (%%) 
Creating administrative data files (%%) 
Creating final digital drawings (%%) 
Creating structured data files (%%) 
Comments ; 
### : highly improved 
ae 
* : partly improved 
& : to be modified ,shortly 
,compared with conventional digital mapping 
Figure 2.1 Current standard procedures in 
Japanese digital mapping 
210 
2.1.2 Remarkable innovations in respective 
procedures 
Throughout the executions of digital mapping 
projects,PASCO has introduced and created 
new advanced methods. 
1)Planning and Preparation 
The most significant change in this step 
is consideration of the GIS systems and 
their data utilization of digital mapping. 
Conventional digital mapping requires only 
automated drafting of the same graphical 
standard as in analogue mapping. 
2)Ground Control Surveying and 
Signalization 
Judging from the accuracy standard of 
signalized points,GPS surveying can easily 
overcome current triangulation and 
traversing,making use of kinematic and 
rapid static methods. 
For this aspect we planned to test GPS 
measurements for base line analysis of a 
medium range size area (approximately 10 x 
10 kms) in the Mt.Fuji project which is 
described later. 
  
Photo 2.1 GPS base line measurement in the 
Mt.Fuji Project 
  
Photo 2.2 CG Plane Table Surveying System 
  
Of 
for 
est 
Geo; 
tra 
tot 
Not 
com 
sta 
Sur 
3)D 
Di. 
sys 
CAD 
sys 
  
Phot 
4)F: 
Thi 
inne 
Plar 
  
Phot