of 
ar 
se 
in 
ne 
ne 
5, 
nd 
ne 
Lo 
)» 
es 
er 
he 
of 
ic 
on 
ps 
es 
to 
ex 
nd 
is 
ly 
nd 
FO 
ta 
  
  
  
  
Standards will continue. Further interfaces with 
other GIS systems will be developed in order to 
promote the proposed Standard and encourage more 
agencies to participate in these developments. 
The support of the BAKO DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT 
Standard by various geo-information producers and 
users, will insure full benefit of data sharing 
and achieve compatibility between GIS systems. 
REFERENCES 
[2] ICA Meeting Proc., Budapest, August 1989 
[3] Moellering H.,1991,Approaches to spatial data 
base transfer standards, 12th UN Regional 
Cartographic Conference for Asia and the 
Pacific,Bangkok 20-28 Feb. 1991 
[4] Reis  J.,1989,LREP Project for Regional 
Planning, UNCRD GIS Symp., Ciloto, Indonesia 
[5] Radvan  M.,1990,The creation of a digital 
database for topographic and terrain relief 
information at Bakosurtanal,  ISPRS Comm.III 
Symposium Proc., Wuhan May 1990 
[6] Radvan M.,1991,Bakosurtanal Standard for the 
Exchange of Digital Topographic Data,Document 
no. 24/1991 ISSN No. 0126-4982, Bakosurtanal, 
Indonesia 
[7] Radwan M.,1991,TAT Digital Mapping Specialist 
Report, Bakosurtanal, Indonesia 
[8] Selected Documents on Standards: 
. NTF, National Transfer Standards in UK, 
Final draft 1987 
. DIGEST, Digital Geographic Information 
Exchange Standard Defense Mapping Agency, 
USA, June 1991 
JSSDTS, Spatial Data Transfer Standard, 
Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee 
for Digital Cartography, USGS, USA, 1991 
. VPF, Vector Product Format, Defence Mapping 
Agency, USA, 1990 (also the Digital Chart of 
The World Database) 
. Canadian CCSM National Standards for the 
Exchange of Digital Topographic Data, 1985 
. DLG-E Digital Line Graph, USGS Internal Data 
Format, 1989 
APPENDIX 
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSFER RECORDS 
SET (1): GLOBAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRANSFER 
The administrative aspects, definition, spatial 
reference and the data dictionary of the Transfer, 
are given as follows: 
SUB-SET (1.1): TRANSFER HEADER RECORD 
It provides a reference to the administrative 
aspects of this transfer. 
SUB-SET (1.2): TRANSFER IDENTIFICATION RECORD 
It gives general information about the Transfer 
contents, spatial domain and geographic area 
reference, range of data-scale and dates of 
cultural validity. 
SUB-SET (1.3): TRANSFER SECURITY RECORD 
This module provides information about the 
security of data, copy right, authority for data 
update, etc. 
SUB-SET (1.4): TRANSFER DIRECTORY RECORDS 
This Directory Record(s) appears only once in the 
first physical volume and after the Transfer 
Header Record. It helps in locating the various 
Area-Tiles Header Records in the physical 
volume(s) files. 
SUB-SET (1.5): DATA DICTIONARY RECORDS 
235 
SUB-SET (1.5.1): SPECIFICATION DOCUMENTS REFERENCE 
RECORD 
It provides reference and publication date of the 
various specification documents. 
SUB-SET (1.5.2): ENTITY DEFINITION RECORDS 
It gives definition of entities of interest for 
the Transfer: definition, source and authority for 
the entity’s definition and its attributes. 
Entities included in this Transfer will have two 
sets of attribute lists: Standard Set (defined by 
specifications), and Non-Standard Set (defined in 
agreement with the receiving agency). 
SUB-SET (1.5.3): ATTRIBUTE DEFINITION RECORDS 
It gives definition of  Standard/Non-Standard 
Attributes: definition, source and authority for 
the attribute’s definition and the valid range of 
its value. 
SET (2): AREA-TILE DATA RECORDS 
One Area-Tile consists of one or more 
geographically related Theme-Groups, and is 
described by: 
SUB-SET 
DEFINITION 
It includes information about area name, area 
coverage, no. of Theme-Groups and list of Themes 
and brief description of its contents. 
(2.1): AREA-TILE DATA HEADER RECORD: 
SUB-SET (2.2): AREA-TILE DATA DIRECTORY RECORDS 
This Directory Record(s) is used to locate (in the 
physical volume(s) files) the various Theme-Groups 
in this area. 
SUB-SET (2.3): RECORDS FOR THE SPATIAL REFERENCE 
The spatial reference in a spatial data transfer 
is defined through the use of the following 
modules: 
SUB-SET (2.3.1): SPATIAL DOMAIN RECORD 
Definition of coordinate system, units, and the 
extent of the spatial address. This is given as 
reference to specification’s document which handle 
this matter. 
SUB-SET (2.3.2): INTERNAL SPATIAL REFERENCE RECORD 
Internal Spatial Reference: from the internal 
coordinate system to the external system. This 
includes coordinate type, format, and scaling and 
shifting of coordinates. 
SUB-SET (2.3.3): EXTERNAL SPATIAL REFERENCE RECORD 
External Spatial Reference (to define the external 
coordinate system). 
SUB-SET (2.4): AREA-TILE DATA QUALITY RECORD 
It provides an overall evaluation for the Data in 
this area, such as the source of information 
(database reference), completeness and cultural 
validity, reliability of positional and 
classification of its contents (descriptive text). 
SET (3): DATA THEME-GROUP RECORDS 
One Theme-Group includes one or more 
topologically/logically related themes. Themes in 
one Group share the same primitive map elements 
(Node/Line/Polygon). They are numbered from Theme 
1 to Theme n, While Theme 0 refers to the map 
elements in this group. One  Theme-Group is 
Described by: 
SUB-SET (3.1): THEME-GROUP HEADER RECORD 
It gives definition of this Group, list and 
definition of Themes included and nature of 
relationships between them.