should be able to use different DOI for the position and the 
attitude orientation parameters. 
The simulations were carried out using the following values: 
DOI flight time number of OI 
  
12 km 1.7 sec 40 
23 km 3.2 sec 20 
160 km 22.5 sec 4 
3.2 Results 
In order to present the results of the different computation 
versions in a compact form the root-mean-square (rms) 
values ux, (planimetry) and u, (height) of the theoretical 
standard deviations of the object point coordinates 0,,0,,0; 
are calculated. They are computed from the inverted 
normal equation matrix and the a posteriori reference 
variance 6,?. Because the simulations are performed with 
generated error-free observations, the a priori o,? is used 
instead of the a posteriori 6, . The a priori o, is chosen as 
equal to the standard deviations of the image coordinates. 
This means, that the accuracy estimates are valid for the a 
priori assumed precision of the observations. 
The presentation and discussion of the results are 
subdivided in two parts: 
a) the results of the single strip adjustments, assuming 
normal (bay down) flight attitude of the shuttle 
(standard flight configurations) and 
b) the results assuming non-standard flight 
configurations, i. e. 
30? cross inclination of the camera carrier or 
simultaneous adjustment of two crossing strips with 
different intersection angles (5°, 30°, 55°). 
3.2.1 Standard flight configurations In Figures 4 and 5 
the rms values u,xy and u, of all 3-ray point coordinates are 
shown graphically with the following abbreviations: 
» 12 km, 23 km, 160 km: 
distances between orientation images, 
» error-free (0m/Omgrad), 1m/5mgrad, 2m/10mgrad: 
standard deviations of the position and attitude data 
(relative accuracy), 
» no observ.: 
no observations for the position and attitude data, 
» XYZ GCP: 
4 error-free XYZ GCP, 
» XY GCP/DTM: 
125 XY GCP (0=25m) and a DTM (0=>50 m) as ground 
control information. 
Breaks in the graphic representations mean, that the 
respective values are not given true to scale. 
First, the rms values for the theoretical accuracy limits of 
the object point coordinates, which are achieved if the 
exterior orientation parameters of all images are treated as 
error-free observations, can be seen in the Figures 4 and 5. 
For 3-ray points these values are: 
a) py = 1.4 m, uz; = 61m 
for 4 XYZ GCP (error-free); 
b) Hxy 7 4.5 m, uz — 5.1 m. 
for 125 XY GCP (o=25m) and DTM (o=50m). 
  
  
rms values u(XY) 
  
  
  
  
20 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Fig. 4: Rms values uxy for different standard deviations of 
the exterior orientation parameters, ground control 
information and distances between orientation images 
Fig. 5: Rms values yu, for different standard deviations of the 
exterior orientation parameters, ground control information 
and distances between orientation images 
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