capabilities concerning spatial database queries- 
The following are the highlights and prospects of 
the proposed technique concerning these two resp- 
ctive items. 
Concerning Map Updating 
  
The operator in the developed updating technique 
deals only with the database tables. Thus, it is 
not required a skillful personnel to make the 
required updating compared to the previously 
mentioned updating approaches. Accordingly, the 
proposed technique can be implemented without 
professional skills. The system operator can 
update the reqired topological attribute records 
without the necessity of long time period training 
on a particular GIS system. Also, the developed 
techniqueallows to update the connectivity attrib- 
utes using the developed AMLs routines and through 
INFO DBMS without low-level management of the 
graphic file. This will help greatly in the process 
of planning, updating and analyzing of networks 
such as city streets, water ways: and telephone 
lines. 
Moreover, the developed technique can be refined 
to accept data from other updating sources of 
large scale maps, like for instance, total station 
digital data that are stored in the data collector 
in the form of IDs and X,Y coordinates can be 
combined with the old AAT INFO file to form a new 
updated AAT file and running the developed 
routines to form the new updated map. 
Concerning DataBase Queries 
  
The link established between the topolgical 
attributes and the geometric attributes in the 
proposed updating technique can be developed to 
give a capability to make spatial queries with 
non-procedural or declarative queries in INFO 
DBMS as illustrated in figure (7), where the user 
has to specify only what results are required 
without specifying how the data will be handled to 
give such answers. 
  
AAT WITH COORDINATES 
| 
D QUERIES: IN. INFO Ji 
VIEW IDXY 
  
  
  
  
CONVERSION OF INFO RESULTS 
TO A SYSTEM FILE 
  
  
  
  
ROUTINE (2) 
| 
GRAPHIC DISPLAY 
  
  
Figure (7) "An Alternative Way For Displaying 
Graphic Info Queries" 
66 
CONCLSIONS 
The investigation in this study proved that with 
the recent and rapid improvement in database 
management technology, updating of large scale 
map data can easily be made within the database 
tables without the complexity of making such 
updating from the graphics with great efficiency 
and relatively short time. In addition, the 
Proper design of the relational DBMS used in this 
study and its capability in updating objects make 
the proposed updating technique simple and more 
efficient to be implemented without professional 
skills at a higher degree of success and 
a shortness of executing time. 
This study presents an alternative technique for 
the management of topological attribute from the 
DBMS to update large scale digital map and for 
the coupling of graphics and attibute database. 
The further integration of these database 
components can solve and optimize the Ad-hoc 
queries from the DBMS where the user can make non- 
procrdural spatial queries and display the graphic 
results from the DBMS using the described altern- 
ative way in this study and through a developed 
couple of AMLs routine. Besides, this study 
indicates that the total station can play an 
important role in updating large scale maps 
especially using the proposed technique presented 
in this paper. 
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