studying for degree of & land use plan -
ners.Brief courses in photogrammetry are
given for the students studying the archi
tecture ,geography,geology,forestry and
agriculture.Education in photogrammetry
on the lower level in the land surveying
branches of the. state technical schools
is also provided.
In Lithuania only five theses for the
degree of candidate of technical sciences
have been written on subjects related the
photogrammetry and two doctorial theses
concerning the optimization,projecting,
adjustment and estimation of measurement
information,
Candidates of technical sciences are:
V.Vainauskas "The investigation of errors
in photogrammetric networks"; P.Kausakys
"The aerophotogeodetic investigation of
properties of landscape for the needs of
melioration"; R.Vilunas "The investiga -
tion of the deformations on construction
systems by means of photogrammetry"; A.
Zalnierukas "The planimetric phototriangu
lation under use EC" and A.Pilipaitis
"The improvement and investigation of
photogrammetric approaches for inventory
of cultural heritage".
Doctors of technical sciences are: V.
Vainauskas "The optimum photogrammetric
methods for solving of engineering pro-
blems with regard to the properties of
geodetic measurements" and J.Skeivalas
"The mathematical treatment of geodetic
measurements with regard to tolerances".
The scientific degrees were given in Mos-
cow at the funda mental university for
engineers of geodesy,serial surveying
and cartography.
ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
In recent years digital computers are
being widely used in automatization
of processing of the measurement infor -
mation.Therefore for processing of any
information of photogrammetric measure-
ments universal and standardized algo -
rithms and programmes have been elabora-
ted; that was usefull for processing of
any images (aerial, terrestrial,metric,
nonmetric,etc.).
96
For the improvement of more rigorous
digit models the method of & simultane -
‘ous appliance of conditions of complana-
rity and collinearity as well as the me-
thod of including the so-called quasicon-
trolled points for processing images un-
der conditions of collinearity have been
elaborated.As a result the amount of in-
formation measured can easily increase,
besides,without any additional means and
efforts.For solution of various enginee-
ring problems,neighbouring models of an
object must be together processed and
photogrammetric networks established.
For the preliminary establishment of
networks,the method of independent models
is applied,and the final rigorous adjust-
ment of bundles is carried out by means
of successive changing of resection and
intersection under conditions of perspec-
tive or projective collinearity.Topologi-
cal adjustment of photogrammetric net -
works of this kind does not need making
and solving large systems of equations ;
owing to this PC computers can be used.
Besides,such stepfull adjustment of net-
works allows to use any functional sto-
chastic model .This method of phototrian-
gulation has especially justified itself
in architectural photogrammetry when spa-
cial closeness and girdleness of object
investigated had to be taken into account
Considering the properties of topolo-
gical processing of measurement informa-
tion,an effective method has been worked
out,i.e. a method including and proces -
sing additional measurements with photo-
grammetric ones,such as the length of li-
nes,directional angles and azimuths,ele-
vations of points,horizontal and vertical
angles and others.All additional measure-
ments are included into the process of
computation through quasicontrolled poin-
ts,besides without any essential increase
in calculation and parameters to be deter.
mined.Weight matrix (stochastic model)
is formed in an empirical way.Besides,
such an empirical choice of stochastic
model reduces resolutely the influence
of slight but gross mistakes in measure-
ments,and as a result of this,an automa-
tic rejection of measurements appears to
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