Many of the users foresee use of GIS in the future, but only 
few are well under way using GIS. 
The Norwegian Mapping Authority is putting large resources 
into the establishment of an insfrastructure for the distribution 
of geographical data. Many public organisations are producing 
maps. One of the goals is to establish standards and formats so 
that data can easily be exchanged. Routines are needed for 
coordinated collection, updating and administration of map data 
on different levels and scales. 
One goal is that by 1996 the main parts of the maps belonging 
to the Mapping Authority shall be in digital form. A service, 
named National Geographic Information Center (NGIS) shall 
by then be operational, giving the users easy access to the data. 
5.1 Software for GIS and digital maps. 
Quite a number of different systems are in use. 
- SysScan is a Norwegian Company producing and marketing 
GIS software. SysScan has sales and support offices in 
England, Ireland, Malaysia, Northern Ireland, Norway, 
Singapore and Sweden. 80% of the sales are abroad. Their 
main system is TELLUS. It was developed as a raster system, 
but is now an integrated raster/vector system. TELLUS runs 
on UNIX workstations. It can be delivered either as a GIS 
toolset or tailored to the customers requirement. TELLUS is 
basically a system for the larger users. 
- Arc/Info probably is the most popular system among 
advanced GIS users. 
- Pumatec is a norwegian product, developed under quite some 
years. It is vectorbased, running on PC’s under Windows, and 
is easy to learn and use. It started as a map-system, but GIS- 
functions were added later on. 
- Terrasoft is a canadian system for GIS, vectorbased and 
developed for PC's. It has found quite some users, especially 
among forestry organisations in Norway. 
- Intergraph is fairly new on this market in Norway, but is 
selling some of their Microstation and MGE packages. 
- Phocus from Zeiss Germany is used in photogrammetric 
production on Zeiss analytic stereoinstruments. 
- VG-kart is norwegian. It is a good and popular system for 
mapping purposes. 
- Fysak is a mapping system developed by the Norwegian 
Mapping Authority. 
- System 9 is known by few people, but they like it very much. 
6. Education and Research 
6.1 Education 
Education at technician level (photogrammetric operators), is 
given at the "Rud Vocational School". This school offers the 
opportunity for up to two years training in surveying subjects, 
including some 120 hours of theory and 400-600 hours of 
practical training in photogrammetry. Four students complete 
this course every year. In addition, there are institutional 
training seminars at map production organizations. 
At engineer level, no education of photogrammetrists exists. 
At university level, photogrammetry is taught at two universi- 
ties, The Technical University of Norway (UNIT-NTH) and the 
Agricultural University of Norway (NLH, Aas). The study lasts 
for 4,5-5 years. At both universities basic courses in mathema- 
tics, statistics, physics, informatics etc. are given during the 
first years. Then follows a common core of courses in the 
mapping sciences. At the end of the studies the student may 
specialize in geodesy, photogrammetry, cartography or remote 
sensing, and then finalize with a M.Sc. thesis. Each year, 15-20 
students takes their Masters Degree within the mapping 
Sciences. 
Courses in remote sensing and mapping from satellite imagery 
are well established at both universities. 
Courses in Geographical Information Systems are recently 
established. At UNIT-NTH there are one lecture course and one 
exercise course in GIS. At NLH, Aas there are one introductory 
course in GIS, attended by 52 students in 1991. And then GIS 
is included in an advanced course in digital cartography. 
At NLH, Aas a GIS laboratory was established in 1991. It has 
8 PC's, one Intergraph workstation, one Sun workstation with 
X-terminal, three digitizers and two plotters. The software used 
are ArcInfo and Intergraph; and Pumatec, VG-Kart and other 
norwegian software. 
Some post graduate courses in the mapping sciences are also 
given, as the basis for a 3 year study for the Dr. Engineer 
Degree (Ph.D). Approximately 10 students are working for 
their Ph.D. 
6.2 Norwegian research programmes on mapping and 
remote sensing 
Two important research programmes have been running, funded 
from government. The satellite mapping program SATMAP, 
together with its predecessor, ran from 1982 to december 1989. 
The sister program SATOBS ran from 1986 to december 1989, 
and was more specificall devoted to remote sensing and 
surveillance. The governmental funding was up to 19 mill. 
NOK a year at the most. 
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