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6.9 The Foundation of Applied Research at the University 
of Tromsg (FORUT) 
Since 1988 FORUT has been steadily preparing for the SAR- 
. data from ERS-1. Since the launch in 1991 data has been read 
down in Tromsg on a daily basis. Projects are: 
- Improvements and corrections of earth observation data. 
Corrections due to terrain relief are among these, and should 
be performed shortly after satellite overpass. 
- Extraction of environment parameters from the data. 
- Interpretation and presentation of environment products 
based on data from radar and optical sensors. 
- Terrestrial and Marine Environmental Mapping and Monito- 
ring using Multisensor Data (TERMOS). 
The overall strategic objective of TERMOS is to develop 
further the existing knowledge in Tromsg in the fields of: 
- fundamental earth observation method and product 
development. 
- operational, terrestrial and marine environmental mapping 
and monitoring. 
The technological objective is to develop products for 
environmental mapping and monitoring using optical and 
microwave (Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR) earth obser- 
vation data in combination with additional digital informati- 
on (map, in-situ information). TERMOS will focus both on 
terrestrial and marine applications. 
- SAR-Optical Vegetation Mapping. 
The application potential of optical satellite data is tacite 
reduced due to strong weather dependence. Therefore, the 
near-future availability of all-weather microwave remote 
sensing data represents a major step towards operational 
monitoring and forecasting applications. The objective of the 
project is to develop methods for remote sensing mapping 
and monitoring based on a combination of optical and SAR 
data. 
- Mapping the air pullotion inpact on the natural environments 
in the Norwegian-Russian border areas using Landsat TM 
data. 
- Mapping the reindeer grazing effects on the environment in 
Finnmark, Northern Norway, using Landsat data. 
- Vegetation studies in Korpfjell, Sgr-Varanger, by use of 
CASI imaging spectrometer. 
The CASI data was acquired in July 1991. The main 
objectives of the work have been to assess the new capa- 
bilities of using CASI imaging spectrometer for vegetation 
mapping, and to obtain and interpret spectrometer signatures 
from vegetation types in the Korpfjell area, close to the 
Russian border. 
The high geometric resolution of the CASI data image the 
natural heterogenity better than Landsat TM. Unsupervised 
classifications and comparisons of CASI data with pre- 
viously processed Landsat TM data from the same area 
show that the CASI data seperate the complete vegetation 
cover into more vegetation classes than Landsat TM data. 
Comparisons of supervised and unsupervised techniques 
applied to the Korpfjell data also showed that the unsuper- 
vised techniques are preferably compared to the supervised 
techniques. This is due to the CAST's capability of imaging 
the natural heterogenity, which in turn will cause problems 
during the training stage in the supervised technique. 
7. Publications 
Andersen, @.: Experience with Kinematic GPS during Aerial 
Photography in Norway. Proc. Photogrammetric Week 1989. 
Andersen, @.: Modell-Tall-Terreng. An introduction to aerial 
triangulation with analog methods (in norwegian). Landbruks 
bokhandelen, NLH. 1992. 101 p. 
Andersen, @.: GPS used in aerial photogrammetry (in norwe- 
gian). Project report 1989. Department of Surveying, Agri- 
cultural University of Norway. 184 p. 
Andersen, @., Brand, G., Lgnnum, S.E.: Photogrammetry (in 
norwegian). NKI-forlaget, Bekkestua, Norway. 
ISBN 82-562-2211-5. 1991. 320 p. 
Bernhardsen, T.. Geographical Information Systems (in 
norwegian). Bernhardsen/VIAK AS, Arendal, Norway. 1989. 
ISBN 82-991928-0-3. 230 p. 
Bjgrke, J.T.: Digital maps (in norwegian). Kart og Plan no 3 
1988. 8 p. 
Bjgrkelo, K.: Photogrammetric Data Capture (in norwegian). 
Kart og Plan no 3 1989. 4 p. 
Dick, @.B.: Interpretability of High Resolution Satellite 
Imagery. A comparative study of KFA-1000 and SPOT HRV. 
Preliminary report. Dept. of Surveying, NLH, Aas, Norway. 
1989. 29 p. 
Dick, @.B.: Use of PC-Erdas in satellite-mapping/GIS educa- 
tion. ISPRS Congress 1992, WG VI/7. 6 p. 
Gjertsen, A.K.: Effects of changing satellite sensor attributes. 
IGARSS 1988. 
Hals, T.: GPS applied for aerial Photogrammetry (in norwegi- 
an). Kart og Plan no 6 1989. 6 p. 
Hedberg, C.: Information Systems for Land Resource Manage- 
ment in Developing Countries. NORAGRIC, NLH, 
ISSN 0802-0957. 1991. 350p. 
Holm, K.R.: Givens Transformations for Sequential Adjustment 
in on-line Photo triangulation (in norwegian). Ph.D.-thesis 
1988. Technical University of Norway, Trondheim. 
ISBN 82-7119-039-3. 220 p. 
Hádem, IL: FOMAKON, a program package for industrial 
photogrammetry. Kart og Plan 1989, 49(1):25-34. 
Hádem, I.: Deriving approximate values before bundle adjust- 
ment - A review. In: Int. Arch. Photogramm. and Remote 
Sensing, Zürich, Switzerland 1990, Vol. XXVIII, Part 5/2, pp 
1016-1027. 
Hádem, I., Amdal, K.: High precision calibration of close range 
photogrammetry system. In: Int. Arch. Photogramm. and 
Remote Sensing, Washington, USA 1992, Vol. XXIX, Commi- 
sion V. 
Johansen, B., Tómmervik, H.: Mapping the reindeer grazing 
effects on the environment in Finnmark, Northern Norway, 
using Landsat Data. Paper presented at 2. Circumpolar Sympo- 
sium, Tromsg, May 1992.