given a characteristic plate symbol based on the conventions 
described by J.S.Keates (Cartographic Design and Production, John 
Wiley & Sons, 1989). 
By these conventions, the upper left corner of the icon indicates 
whether the plate is "right reading" (emulsion up) or "wrong 
reading" (emulsion down). The upper right corner indicates 
whether the plate is a positive (white) or negative (black) image. 
The lower left corner indicates the type of image on the plate: 
line, text, open window or composite. The lower right corner 
is occasionally used to indicate the type of material used or the 
process required to create the image. 
The combination of plate symbol and number made a unique 
icon for each plate that could possibly exist within the color 
separation packet. The use of these plate icons eliminated a lot 
of text which would otherwise be necessary in forming the 
production flowcharts. 
2.4 The Production Flowcharts 
Next, production flowcharts were constructed to demonstrate 
the relationship between plates and the photo-reproduction 
processes. Arrow placement was complicated by the fact that 
many plates, once created, were needed for displacement 
reference during the creation of other plates. The complete 
procedure for the color separation of the five-color 1:50,000 
series had to be divided into multiple flowcharts as shown. 
  
1-007 Topographic Ape: 
Color Separation Flowchart 1 
  
From STARTto LIFE PROOP 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 6--Color Separation Flowchart (part 1) 
  
1350,000 Zopograp&iz Maps 
Color Separation Flowchart 2 
TYPE STICKUP und MASKS rm 4Oc8 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
X 
1 X$2-(33 
C x 
> 10 Xs 39 55 P5 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 8--Color Separation Flowchart Detail 
Computer-generated labels with a complete set of plate icons 
for each map were then created so the technician could 
positively identify which plate corresponded to his or her 
procedure in the flowchart. 
Specific procedures in the flowchart are given numbers for 
convenience in work order processing and production tracking. 
For example, the several scribing related tasks are numbered 
S1, S2, S3 and so on. Although Keats describes variations on 
arrows to indicate different processes, we chose to keep the 
arrows simple and let the procedure numbers represent the 
procedure type. 
2.5 The Standard Operating Procedure 
The conceptual design of the Standard Operating Procedure 
(SOP) was to take a blow-up of each link in the Color 
Separation Flowchart and list the steps required to complete 
production. In this example, procedure S1 (Scribing 
Projection) is shown in enlargement against the background of 
the larger flowchart to show its context. Then a list of steps is 
described in English. Eventually, each SOP sheet required 
translation to Arabic to be useful on the production floor. 
  
150,000 Topagraphic Maps 
Standard Operating Procedure Si ET 
  
SCRIBE PROJECTION 
  
1) Register New Scribe to Projection Plot 
  
Place plot with image-side down. 
ce en ae cost with emulsion yp. 
egister with pin Strip. 
rob rg iid 
2) Engrave Neatline 
  
Use large steel straight edge. 
Use swivel steel blade scriber. 
Hold blade angle mith thumb while Scribing. 
3) Engrave Gradicule 
  
Use large steel straight edge. 
Match equal gradicule aa opposite sides of neatline. 
Scribe projection out. 
Scribe ticks a little long. 
Trim back to siz with correction Raid. 
  
  
  
Figure 7--Color Separation Flowchart (part 2) 
178 
Figure 9--SOP Page for Procedure S1 
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