The post-graduate and supplementary education 
has been mainly offered at the HUT. In 1988 a 
post-graduate seminar was held on "Trends of 
Automation in Photogrammetry", as well as a 
seminar on "3-D Vision and Photogrammetry for 
Industry". 
In 1989 a seminar was held on "Neural Networks 
and Image Processing”, in 1990 on "GPS for 
Photogrammetry", as well as on "Digital Image Pro- 
cessing”. In 1991 following seminars and post- 
graduate lectures were held at HUT: 
- "Robust Estimation Techniques" 
- "Use of Photogrammetry in Medicine" 
- "Automatic Aerotriangulation" 
- "About Digital Workstations". 
Most of the lecturers have been specialists from 
abroad. 
During this year there will be a major reform 
concerning education lower than the university 
level, as their curriculum will expand from three to 
four years. 
5.2 Research activities in Finland 
Following is a short overview of the research done 
in Finnish organizations. 
HELSINKI UNIV. OF TECHNOLOGY (HUT) 
Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 
Institute of Space Technology 
* Recursive estimation methods in 
photogrammetry 
* The stability testing of analytical plotters 
* Digital image processing: area based segmen- 
tation, feature extraction and representation, 
and texture classification 
* Digital close-range photogrammetry 
* Real-time applications of digital close-range 
photogrammetry 
* Approximation of curves and surfaces 
* Feature based photogrammetry 
* Projective transformations in 
photogrammetry 
* Use of neural networks in remote sensing 
* Construction of Airborne Scatterometers 
* Development of Airborne and Ground-based 
Radiometers 
* Remote sensing of forests, sea ice and snow 
TAMPERE UNIV. OF TECHNOLOGY (TUT) 
Department of Civil Engineering 
* Measurements in building restoration and 
CAD-modelling 
* Industrial measurements 
* The accuracy and quality 
photogrammetric measurements 
control of 
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI (UH) 
Dept. of Forest Mensuration and Management 
* Satellite images in forest inventory 
64 
UNIVERSITY OF JOENSUU (UJ) 
Department of Forestry 
Department of Physics 
* Use of satellite images in forest inventory 
* Pseudo-resolution 
* The effect of Forward Motion Compensation 
on resolving power 
UNIVERSITY OF OULU (UO) 
Department of Geography 
* Physiognomical environmental changes 
UNIVERSITY OF TURKU (UT) 
Department of Biology 
* Interpretation of vegetation using satellite 
imagery 
FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FRI) 
* The joint use of SPOT images, aerial photos 
and field data in forest mensuration 
FINNISH GEODETIC INSTITUTE (FGI) 
* GPS in aerial triangulation (jointly with 
NLS) and in geological low-altitude mapping 
(jointly with GSF) 
* Numerical interpretation methods in remote 
sensing and their error estimation 
* Radiometric calibration of satellite imagery 
(jointly with NLS) 
* Numerical videotechniques in remote sensing 
(jointly with TRC) 
* The influence of temperature variations on 
the photo coordinates in an analytical plotter 
* Design and implementation of a low-cost 
stereo workstation 
* Study of the suitability of desktop scanners 
for scanning aerial photographs 
* Study of JPEG-compression for scanned 
aerial photographs 
* Feasibility study of knowledge based methods 
for remote sensing and cartography 
FINNISH INST. OF MARINE RESEARCH (IMR) 
* Sea ice remote sensing 
* Real-time system for transmitting satellite 
data products to icebreakers (jointly with 
TRO) 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND (GSF) 
* Exploration of geological resources using 
remote sensing 
* Integration of remote sensing data with 
geological, geophysical and geochemical data 
for exploration and geological mapping pur- 
poses 
* Study of image processing for geological 
purposes 
METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE (MI) 
* Meteorological applications of Remote Sens- 
ing 
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