Technical performance of the companies
Another trend in Denmark has been the change from analogue
to analytical instruments. By February 1992 the last WILD A8
in the private sector was dismantled so that the change to
ZEISS Planicomps and WILD BCs is now 100 per cent.
In the private sector there are now 14 Planicomps, 7 BC 1-3
and 1 Leica SD 2000.
The Danish work station DanGraf is still popular among the
photogrammetric companies, although the competition is hard,
especially from Intergraph.
Orthophotography
In 1986 the the National Cadastral Survey decided to produce
digital cadastral maps, using orthophotography to rectify older
surveys.
The private companies established DORPAS (Danish Ortho-
photo Production) and bought a ZEISS Orthocomp Z2 system.
During the period 1986-1989 the island of Funen (3500 km?)
was mapped with orthophotos in scale 1:4000.
Unfortunately the programme was stopped for political reasons.
Who are the photogrammetric companies?
Since 1990 there has been important changes in the configu-
ration of photogrammetric companies in Denmark.
Today the old companies are split up in two major blocks.
Kampsax Geoplan which also includes Aerokort and Geo-
masters is one. The Scankort-LLO group is the other impor-
tant group.
In 1992 two new companies have appeared in the field of aerial
photography and digital mapping: Infokort and Jysk Digital
Kort Center.
Anders Foghsgaard
THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY AND
THE ENGINEERING ACADEMY
Institute of Surveying and Photogrammetry
The institute is responsible for education and research on
surveying, photogrammetry, digital cartography, geographical
information systems and basic computer science for BSc and
MSc students in engineering.
Staff
The staff comprises 1 full professor, 6 associate professors, 1
secretary, 1 technician, a varying number of temporarily em-
ployed personnel and PhD students.
Education
The basic courses in surveying include introduction to photo-
grammetry and are given to about 200 students a year.
Specialized courses in photogrammetry, remote sensing, digital
cartography and geographical information systems are given to
25-40 students a year. 2-5 students graduate in photogramme-
try, remote sensing or GIS every year.
74
Research
Photogrammetry
A method of multi-model stereo restitution (Dueholm, PERS
56(2)) was developed in cooperation with the geologic division
of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado. Multi-
model photogrammetry includes the advantage of free move-
ment between stereo models at widely different scales in an
analytical plotter, and thus facilitates the use in photogram-
metry of small-format photographs (colour-slides) taken with
ordinary 35 or 70 mm cameras. Over the past two years the
method has been employed in scientific analysis and mapping
within diverse fields: geological and geomorphological
mapping in Greenland, Utah, and India; mapping of steep
coastal cliffs in Denmark and the Faroe Islands; architectural
measurements in Japan; and archaeological survey of Newport
Tower in Rhode Island.
Image processing
Mosaicking scanned images using least squares adjustment for
radiometric correction of orthophotos has been studied and a
PC program system developed (Ph.D. thesis). Together with
the University of Copenhagen an image processing system for
automatic extraction of DEM from SPOT images has been
developed. The system is based on correlation, organized in
pyramids. The project included extensive control measurements
from hardcopies of SPOT images and aerial photographs.
Digital Elevation Models
The institute was in charge of the construction of a national
elevation database based on digitized 5-metre contours. The
database was primarily developed for radio communication and
completed in 1989. A DEM program package has been develo-
ped for the Danish geographical information system, Dangraf.
The DEM is an integrated part of the GIS, giving a 3D data-
base for projecting and analysis.
Updating digital maps and databases
Development of methods for least squares adjustment to com-
bine new and old data. Design of a user interface that can
display the varying accuracies and the variation in details of
the database.
GIS
An on-going Ph.D. study develops a framework for geogra-
phical data modelling for GIS. Systematization and documenta-
tion of aims and goals is seen as essential for the successful
and cost efficient implementation.
Development of methods for automatic creation of links be-
tween attribute and map databases applies principles of arti-
ficial intelligence. The implementation of an analytical appli-
cation on an ARC/INFO platform will demonstrate the poten-
tials of generalized cartographic representation of attribute data.
Research on the feasibility of using existing map data in GIS
has been carried out.
A staff member participates in a work group on developing
new standards for digital mapping in Denmark.
Instrumentation
Several electronic theodolites, EDM, and total stations.
A KERN DSR15 analytical plotter, a stereo comparator and a
few analogue instruments.
(^-^ “a ee 4