Full text: XVIIIth Congress (Part B1)

  
MATCHING TECHNIQUES AND ALGORITHMS FOR SOME BASIC PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCEDURES IN THE 
LOW COST DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS 
S. Dequal, A. Lingua, F. Rinaudo - Politecnico di Torino - ITALY 
Commission |, Working Group 5 
KEY WORDS: Digital Photogrammetry, Correlation, Matching, Algorithms, DEM/DTM, Low cost 
ABSTRACT 
Two opposite solutions are available on the digital photogrammetric system market: high cost/performance solutions 
based on sophisticated ad hoc hardware (e.g. PHODIS ST by Zeiss, DPW 770 by Leica-Helava, etc.) and low cost 
instruments based on PC platforms (e.g. DVP by Leica), which offer poor performances and are only suitable for small 
scale, thematic mapping and educational purposes. 
A new class of professional instruments can be foreseen: digital instruments based on standard modular hardware and 
software, which fulfil the standard map production requirements at a reasonable cost and offer most of the advantages 
of the digital technique. Such instruments should be equipped by: 
e ascanning unit, possibly a low cost DTP scanner 
e efficient calibration software that provides the corrected primary data from geometric (and radiometric) distortions 
the possibility of refining the human collimation on the rough level determined by the pixel size, using an efficient 
sub-pixel matching technique 
e an automated DEM production procedure, for further orthophoto creation. The authors have implemented and 
tested the above mentioned basic procedures, in particular: 
® a calibration software for the DTP scanners 
e a sub-pixel matching programme, working on line 
e an automatic procedure for measuring the DEM heights, based on the VLL (Vertical Line Locus) principle. 
The algorithms and procedures are here described in detail and the practical results are shown in terms of quality and 
reliability. 
RÉSUMÉ 
Les récentes réalisations d'instruments de restitution digitale offrent deux solutions extrémes: celles basées sur des 
machines sophistiquées et coûteuses (par ex. PHODIS ST de Zeiss, DPW 770 de Leica-Helava, etc.) et celles très 
économiques, utilisant un PC standard (par ex. DVP de Leica), avec des caractéristiques modestes et utilisables 
seulement pour la cartographie thématique à petite échelle et pour un usage didactique. 
On aurait besoin d'une nouvelle cathégorie d'instrumens professionels: des réstituteurs numériques basés, autant que 
possible, sur un hardware et des logiciels standard, qui puissent satisfaire les exigences de production de cartographie 
à un coüt raisonnable et donnant la plupart des advantages propre de la photogrammetrie digitale. Tels instruments 
devraient étre fournis de: 
e unité d'acquisition d'images (scanner) du type DTP 
* logiciel pour la calibration des images du point de vue géometrique 
* possibilité d'améliorer la collimation humaine, qui est limité au niveau du pixel entier, avec un efficient logiciel basé 
sur les tecniques de corrélation sub-pixel 
e une procédure automatisée pour la production du Modèle Numerique du Terrain (DEM), pour la production 
d'ortophotos. 
Les auteurs ont réalisé et essayé les fonctions de base de ces procédures, en particulier: 
e un logiciel pour la calibration des DTP scanners 
e un logiciel pour l'auto-corrélation sub-pixel 
e une procédure pour la mesure des points du DEM, basée sur le principe VLL. 
Les algorithmes et les procédures sont illustrés en détail et les résultats sont décrits en termes de qualité et de 
confiabilité. 
1. INTRODUCTION The Kern Co. (today LEICA) exhibited a sophisticated 
stereoplotter in Kyoto (1988): the DSP1 (Digital Stereo 
In recent years, starting from the second half of the 80's, Plotter 1), with above all the aim of managing SPOT 
many researchers and the main instrument manufactur- images. The year before, the Helava Inc. presented a 
ers have dedicated growing attention and resources to digital instrument at Phoenix, USA (1987): the DCCS 
digital photogrammetry. (Digital Comparator Correlator System) of an innovative 
nature, exclusively dedicated to aerial triangulation, car- 
48 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B1. Vienna 1996 
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