ing
red
tion
7)
8)
ak
ci-
only
um
ale
che
inate
tion
S-JTSK) is based on the oblique conic representation (Kfovák 1922)
The system of military maps (S-42) is based on the transversal cy-
lindric (Gauss-Krüger) representation. But one thing is common to
to the civil and malitary maps: they are basd on conform carto-
graphic representation. Several generations of geodesist believed
that the conform representation is the best, pariculary for the
large scale maps. There are meny arguments for this statement. At
least one should be mentioned here. Already some century ago the
geodesists could measure the angles very precisely, with error
even less than one second(l"). On the other side, only few years
ago they have such devices, which are suitable to measure lengths
with errors about 0.lm or less. It has seemed to be logical that
the angle elements, which have been measured with high precision
are reprsented in the map without deformation. On the contrary,
the length elements, which have been measured with lower preci-
sion; cannot be too degradedeven if the length distortion exists
in the map.
4. SUGGESTION OF CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
4:1 Characteristics of environment data
We can consider that the environment is everything in our sur-
roundings, on the Earth and in the atmosphere. The graphical re-
presentation of surroundings in maps is very natural, very under-
standable, and it has a long time historical tradition. Every lite-
rate man can read the map, he understands it, and the map is for
him the main source of information about environment, about the
close surroundings and the far regions. The great part of environ-
ment elements, for example woods, agriculture vegetations, water
areas, dwelling places, industrial complexes. Those elements are
usually the decisive elements for the charcter of the region, for
the character of environment. Now, it seems to be logical to re-
present these elements in maps without deformation. This leeds to
an idea of equivalent representation for the maps of environment.
4.2 Theoretical principles of representation
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International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B3. Vienna 1996