The synthesis of high-resolution remotely sensed data
and geo-data is an effective way to create an integrated
geographic information system (IGIS) for documentation,
analysis, planning and decision finding in the frame of
operational aspects of environmental management.
Interpretation of KWR and KFA space photomaps for
supporting large-scale topographic and thematic
mapping shows positive results. A combination of digital
BW-aerial ortho-imagery derived at about 10-15-year-
intervals with annually available digital BW-space ortho-
imagery is likely to increase the efficiency of
documentation and analysis of multi-temporal dynamics
of landscape transition.
6. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY VERSUS KFA-3000 SPACE
PHOTOGRAPHY
Enlargements of details of a digital KFA-3000 space
ortho-image and the corresponding digital aerial ortho-
image both digitized before rectification with the Zeiss-
PhotoScanner PS1 with a resolution of 15um (pixel size
1.2m vs. 0.45m) show significant differences in
geometric resolution as well as different grey values of
objects due to different dates of data collection,
different film sensitivities and changed landcover
patterns (figure 2, Herbig, 1995).
As the BW-film used with the KFA-3000-system is
sensitive in red-edge adjacent near infrared wavelenghts
(710nm) vegetation and soils are brighter than in the
aerial orthophoto. Detectability of geometric features
such as small houses is better with aerial photography -
limits are additionally set by distortion of the optics and
by the artificially spoiled resolution of the KFA-3000
photographs. Selecting higher resolution with the
photoscanner shows therefore not necessarily increasing
detectability. Nevertheless planimetric accuracies of
coordinate measurements of selected point features
better than 2m meet requirements for topographic 2D-
mapping at a scale of 1:10000 (Csaplovics, 1995).
7. MULTISENSOR SPACE PHOTOGRAPHY
Limits of spatial and spectral resolution of digitized KFA-
1000 photography (scan resolution 30um) for mapping
in scales larger than 1:50000 are evident. On the other
hand digitized KWR-1000 and KFA-3000 photographic
data (pixel size 154m) show topographic and thematic
details almost comparable to the informational content
of aerial photography (see figure 2). Efficiency of data
interpretation is nevertheless restricted to certain photo-
object groups, which are characterized by easily
detectable spatial and/or spectral extures or patterns
and by significant contrast differences of adjacent
features.
Combination of KWR-1000 and KFA-1000 data for
optimizing both geometric and spectral resolution
proves, that multisensor digital space ortho-imagery can
meet requirements for thematic interpretation in scales
up to 1:10000. In the thematic case they even are more
203
efficient than BW-orthophotos based on panchromatic
films with limited spectral resolution.
8. CHANGE DETECTION
Multi-temporal analysis of landcover change by map-
conform, land register-accurate large scale monitoring is
of urgent need for updating spatial and non-spatial
informations for regional planning and environmental
protection. Integrated methods of data interpretation
using geographical information systems and digital
mapping are tools for compiling change detection maps
based on multitemporal and multisensor data. High-
resolution digital KFA-3000 and KWR-1000 ortho-
images can be merged with digitized landcover maps
derived from stereoscopic analysis of aerial photography
and/or with existing field mapping of vegetation and
landuse. Figure 3 is an enlarged detail of a KFA-3000-
space photography of the National Park Lake Fertô
(Hungary, Austria) covering the primary zone (IUCN)
Lange Lacke, an important resting place for migratory
birds on their way to and from their winter-ecotopes.
The corresponding field map shows vegetation
communities dominated by reed by chequered and
halophytic vegetation types by ruled line signatures
(figure 3, Herbig, 1995).
Change detection mapping based on historical aerial
photography covers a period of more than 40 years.
9. CONCLUSIO
Mapping large scale patterns of landcover and landuse
change requires a temporal resolution of monitoring of
one to two years and can therefore benefit from high-
resolution space ortho-imagery with scales up to
1:10000 based on panchromatic KWR-1000 or KFA-
3000 data - eventually supplemented by n-IR spectral
informations of KFA-1000 data. Costs for data
acquisition are low compared to aerial survey missions -
a factor of 1:3 is realistic even when calculating costs
for a multisensor KFA-1000/KFA-3000 data set.
Efficiency of these data is nevertheless limited by very
low height measuring accuracies.
Traditional methods of map production depend on
expensive aerial survey missions with update intervals of
about 10 years. Digital space ortho-imagery is therefore
the "missing link" to actualize topographic and thematic
maps without high financial and/or organizational
outlays.
10. OUTLOOK
Limits are set by problems in operational distribution of
data by Russian agencies. Furthermore on the one hand
MOMS-02 data will provide the user community with
digital data with 3.5m and 13.5m ground resolution in
panchromatic and multispectral modes respectively (de
facto resolution of 6m and 15m respectively announced
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996
