description of the camera and some results of elaborating of
these photographs for mapping up to the scale 1: 10,000
have been reported by Sollner (1993), Marek (1995),
Kaczyfiski (1994), Muller et a. (1994), Konecny (1995).
Depending on the contrast, the ground resolution of these
data varies from 1.2 to 4 m.
KVR-1000 photograph of Warsaw area was scanned with
pixel sizes 15 pm and 25 pm. Some noise was filtered out in
the Fourier domain on the 12S VI2STA system. Enhancement
of edges has been done using Raise-Power and high-pass
Gauss and Exponential filters in the frequency domain.
This filtered, enhanced image was used for elaborating a few
satellite image maps of Warsaw. Since the area of Warsaw is
flat, the DEM was not used for rectification.
The image was rectified with accuracy less than 0.5 pixel to
military topomaps in the scale of 1: 25,000 using 180 well
identified and distributed control points.
SPOT XS digital data was registered to the rectified digital
KVR-1000 image.
À first order polynomial transform and bilinear interpolation
resampling method was used to create new SPOT XS data
with pixel size recalculated from 20 m by 20 m to 5.8 m by
5.8 m pixel size. Image to image registration has been
checked on 12S VI2STA using correlation software (RMSE <
0.5 pixel, r = 0.97). As two bands of SPOT multispectral
data were correlated XS1 and XS2 bands were added with
weighted coefficient.
After applying different contrast enhancement a few colour
composites were prepared. One of this was: XS3 was coded
with a Red filter, KVR-1000 with Green and XS1 + XS2
with Blue.
The first false colour satellite image map of Warsaw in scale
of 1: 25,000 was printed on the STORK Evidence Ink-Jet
printer by Geosystems GmbH in 1993.
This satellite image map was checked against topomaps in the
scale of 1: 25,000 on 80 well identified points. Final RMSE
x = 6 m, RMSE y = 5 m was achieved, which corresponds to
RMSE x,y < 0.3 mm in the final map scale. This map has
been elaborated in cooperation with the SURFACES
Laboratory of the University in Liege.
Another version of the satellite image map in the scale
1: 25,000 was produced also digitally in IGiK on the ISI-3
Intergraph and printed on a Rolland offset device by
BUROSENSE in 1994.
The third "satellite topoimage map" has been generated also
digitally in the scale 1: 25,000. The black topographic layer
was scanned from military topographic maps in the 1942
cartographic coordinates system in the scale 1: 50,000 on the
Intergraph large format scanner ANATech 3640 with an
aperture of 800 DPI in order to create raster map files. After
merging together a few topomaps a new digital map was
resampled to 5.8 m by 5.8 m pixel size using nearest
neighbour method. Boolean algebra was used for super-
imposition of the satellite image map with the digital
topomaps. The result was a new satellite image map in the
scale of 1: 25,000 printed with the topographic information
404
as white overlay on a BARCO Ink-Jet printer. This digital
map was used for updating of the old 1983 topographic map.
The results were presented at the ISPRS Symposium,
Working Group IV/3 held in Athens, Georgia, USA in 1994
(Muller at el. 1994).
Part of this colour satellite topoimage map of Warsaw
reduced to the scale of 1: 40,000 as B/W image is shown on
Fig.1. Topographic features are shown in white superimosed
on merged KVR-1000 with SPOT XS images.
KVR-1000 scanned on the PS-1 ZEISS/INTERGRAPH with
the aperture 15 pm was used for elaborating new colour
satellite image maps of Warsaw in scales of 1: 50,000,
1: 25,000 and B/W in scale of 1: 10,000.
This green - beige - blue satellite image map in scale
1: 50,000 is also based on KVR-1000 B/W photograph as
the other versions. Its colour conception was realised by Dr.
J. Drachal from IGiK as follows. The areas of vegetation e.g.
parks, recreation grounds, woods and gardens have been
classified on SPOT XS imagery and transferred to higher
resolution Kosmos image after warping and resampling.
They are represented in green colour. Blue colour shows the
hydrography of the area. The areas of all bodies of water
have been interpreted on the KVR-1000 image with the aid
of the topographic map and vectorized on the screen using
MicroStation software. The rest of the map area was coloured
beige only with main streets underlined reddish.
The separation of only two classes of objects shown in
colours different from the beige background makes this map
easy in perception despite quiet form. This is because colours
are not the only mean of distinction of objects and there are
also different shades, textures and the sharp drawing of a
high resolution photograph itself which convey the
information.
Several surfacial objects can be easily distinguished by its
colour and texture as shown in boxes of the legend.
The map is also elaborated in the Gauss - Krüger 6 degrees
projection in coordinate system 1942. The two patches in
corners show the Old Town and the centre of the city in scale
1: 10,000.
The map has been elaborated on ISI-3 Intergraph and printed
on the IRIS 3047 Ink-Jet printer in IGiK in 1996.
The another satellite image map in scale 1: 25,000 is also
based on KVR-1000 B/W photograph and the topographic
maps in scale of 1: 10,000 used as a source of colour
distinction of topographic objects. Built-up areas have been
extracted from topographic maps and shown on a satellite
map in red colour.
The satellite B/W image map in scale 1: 10,000 was also
elaborated on the VI2STA of the I2S system in IGiK.
Accuracy of this map is RMSE x,y = +3 m.
Hard copy of the map was printed on the IRIS 3047 Ink-Jet
printer in IGiK in 1994.
Usefulness of KVR-1000 image for updating of the
topographic maps are shown on Fig.2 and Fig.3. The old
topographic map in scale 1: 25,000 has been updated
digitally using MicroStation software.
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996
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