and marking of objects which have to be captured.
b) Overlaying both types of digital data on the graphics
screen and comparing the data patch-wise.
In both cases changes and new objects will be digitized
directly from the screen using the zoom-function.
3.5 Use of Stero-Compilation
Stereo-compilation has already been successfully applied to
create the DLM/1 for a limited number of capturing untits in
areas where no others data sources were available.
Analytical plotters Planicomp P1/P3 with Videomap
superimposition and a converted analog stereoplotter
TOPOCART were used for data capturing with the
PHOCUS-system from Zeiss running on VAX/VMS
workstations. In comparison with table digitizing the time
consumption was about 1.5-times higher. However this will
be compensated since it is not necessary to improve the
planimetric accruracy of these data.
PHOCUS was supplemented by an ATKIS-module
consisting of a working environment (object- and graphics-
tables) and data conversion programs EDBPHO/PHOEDB
(from/to the EDBS-format). The data captured with PHOCUS
were loaded via the EDBS-format into the GIAP-workstations
for final treatment (e.g. adding administration boundaries and
topological references for traffic objects crossing by bridges).
For a fuly ATKIS-compatible data capturing with PHOCUS a
relational data base (RDB) would have to be attatched to
PHOCUS.
Meanwhile the PHOCUS-system has been upgrated to Unix
workstations and supplemented by a further Planicomp P33.
Due to problems with the EDBPHO conversion program and
a decision from Zeiss to stop the support for RDB's a new
solution had to be developed for updating the DLM 25. It is
intended to use the Planicomp P3 and P33 as input devices
for the GIAP-software running on the same workstations as
PHOCUS. A corresponding driver will be developed at the
University of Neubrandenburg in cooperation with Zeiss and
AED Graphics.
Stereo-compilation for updating and extending the DLM will
be coupled with the revision of the TK 10 N. This will avoid
some double work. The workflow is as follows :
- B&w aerial photographs 1 : 18,000 will be used for both
purposes.
- The TopMD has to prepare non-geometric descriptive
information for both purposes only once.
- Detection of changes will be done only once with
KARTOFLEX map revision instruments for TK 10 N
updating.
- The results from the KARTOFLEX evaluation will be
examined whether objects of the DLM 25 are affected.
- If so, these objects can be captured
a) in case of ‘minor changes directly from the
topographic revision sheet by table digitizing or
b) in case of major changes by stereo-compilation with
analytical plotters.
- For absolute orientation of the aerial photographs control
points can be extracted from existing long-term usable
point fields :
a) LuPa - about 25 point groups (6 points, mainly roof
corners) per TK 50 N, with coordinates determined by
geodetic measurements.
b) PaTop - about 36 points per TK 10 N, with
coordinates determined by aerial triangulation.
- If necessary, the topographic field survey, who has to
584
inspect the area of the map sheet anyway, will be
instructed to check the correct classification of some
features or collect missing attributes. For this purpose a
GIAP-workstation will be installed in their cars.
3.6 Treatment of Buildings
Within the working group responsible for the content of the
DLM 25/2 there was a long discussion which types of
buildings should be included in stage 25/2. Finally the
AdV-Plenum has decided that integration of all types of
buildings can be left to a later stage. The most easiest way is
to extract building from the ALK. In contrast to other state
survey administrations the LVermA BB intends to include all
buildings already within realization stage 25/2.
The following arguments have influenced this decision :
- One utility company which supplies 1/4 of the state of
Brandenburg with electricity has established an
information system with buildings included by photo-
grammetric stereo-compilation. Other companies are
planning to do the same. They will change to ATKIS only
if the DLM will contain buildings.
- In Brandenburg the cadastral survey offices have started
in 1992 to establish the ALK. The completition is
progressing very slowly and will be finished in 2010 or’
later. Some local cadastre renewal projects have be
lauchend but none of them is finished. Therefore it is not
possible to get a complete coverage of building data from
this source very soon.
- For 52 map sheets 1 : 10,000 no topgraphic base
information is available. These map sheets cover former
military training areas. If buildings are included
cartographic presentations derived from the DLM 25
could serve as temporary substitutes.
- |nthelong-term it is planned to replace the revision of the
TK 10 N completely by derivation from the DLM 25. This
intention is becomming realistic because in the revised
object catalog for the DLM 25/2 some of the data
collection criterias (e.g. minimum length, minimum area)
were changed towards the TK 10.
For incorporation of buildings into the DLM 25/2 the following
procedures will be applied :
- In areas with local cadastre renewal projects the buildings
will be extracted from the ALK.
- Existing building data can be bought from utility
companies if their quality and up-to-dateness is sufficient
and the price is reasonable.
- Based on an agreement between different adminis-
trations b&w aerial photographs 1 : 10,000 will be flown
in 1996 and 1997 for the whole area of Brandenburg.
- It is planned to make arrangements with potential users
to share the costs for stereo-compilation. The compilation
will be done in contract through private photogrammetry
companies. A pilot project for 16 map sheets TK 10 N
south of Berlin has been sucessfully carried out. The
costs were below 2,- DM per building.
- In contrast to other objects of the DLM 25 also the
heights of all building corners shall be stored in the
ATKIS database. The z-coordinates will be delivered by
stereo-compilation anyway. Aditional attributes like roof
type, mean height of the building and highest point above
sea level will also be captured. This will enable a user to
create 3D-presentations and 3D-models with adequate
approximation for simulations and predictions. The
additional effort for capturing these attributes is not
useless since future GIS will be able to handle these data
and demands for 3D-building data will arise.
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996
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