d for
| 000
'S for
nd to
uality
uality
(arch
carya
najor
water
es of
r the
ional
Jality
1 the
> the
uses
ibate
erent
are
of
erent
993,
First application is; collecting data from a conventional
map by means of digitizing in a different media, by
means of a software which is not a GIS, in the second
application, digital data of the Harran Plain (Sanhurfa -
Southwestern part of Turkey), which were obtained by
private companies by means of photogrammetric
techniques were used. These two applications, which
were handled by using different types of data collecting
techniques, a condition very common in countries of
development phase like Turkey which should by
overcome if a GIS project should by implemented, above
the difficulty of handling this kind of data and given
necessary hints for an establishment of a GIS-project. In
the last application, a plot GIS project performed. The
design and implementation of GIS basically named
SAKBIS, has been realized in three phases. Data used to
create database are manually digitized from the 9 maps
scaled 1/2500 and 1/1000 belongs to Sóke - Ajacli
Village. The coverage are; Parcel, Build, Water, Way,
Border, Hedge and Point. Later on different queries and
analysis are performed and results were presented. One
of the query example related to the building coverage can
be seen in the Figure 1.
3.3. Information System for ITU Ayazaga Campus
Aim of this study is to show up the importance of the
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) clarifying basic
ad hoc aspects and to set up a pilot project on the design
and implementation of a GIS, named as AKBIS
(abbreviation of Turkish words *Ayazaja Kampüsü Bilgi
Sistemi" which means "Information System of Ayazaga
Campus of Istanbul! Technical University), via the
software package PC ARC/INFO.
This study is dedicated to the design and implementation
of the GIS plot project AKBIS, containing the creation of
the AKBIS Geographic Database and basic Spatial
analyses and queries to produce reports and maps
required. Having been added to this study, some AKBIS
products obtain are demonstrated in the forms of
hardcopies and soft copies.
As quoted before, the design and implementation of a
GIS named AKBIS has been realized in two phases
(Tastan, 1993).
3.4. Urban Information System for Public Works of
Municipalities
Municipalities have great responsibilities in planning and
in Implementation of infrastructures that have gotten out
of control due to high growth rate of cities, limited
budgets and priority of political decisions over service
considerations. All functions that contribute to the goals
of the municipality must be reviewed to determine how a
geographic information system can be used to assist to
their improvement.
In this study, building activities, which are one of the
urban information system, are modeled at sub
municipality level in accordance with present building
81
and planning regulations and requirement of the city. The
project is implemented to a chosen pilot area in Istanbul
- Etiler using PC ARC/INFO . Public works in the city,
and how they managed, and the problems associated
with the implementation are determined. For this
purpose, interviews with the organizations effective in the
activities were conducted, further more reports,
correspondence files, map sheets, form used, existing
public regulations and rules, plans and related footnotes,
municipality council and committee decisions were
examined (Alkis, 1993).
3.5. Information System about Air Pollution
Environmental problems take the interest only at the
places where the problems increase in Turkey. Generally
the interest helps only to determine the degree of the
problem that is to say the pollution of a local area is tried
to determine, sometimes master plans and projects are
made about the preventation. However, the removal or
the reduction of the pollution can to be obtained. The
aim of this project for the removal and prevention of the
pollution has to be to determine the approach has is to
the subject. By this way the principles, concepts and
working systematic for the solution of the problem are
considered (lyidiker, 1995).
3.6. Producing Data to an Information System used
for GSM Communication by Digitizing the
1:250000 Scaled Maps
This study has been performed to plan the GSM on the
highways between Istanbul to Ankara by digitizing the
1:250 000 scaled maps. A five km wide strip has been
digitized along the highway with 100 m contour lines and
other map information. ARC Digitizing system of the PC
ARC/INFO has been used and ARCEDIT and ARCPLOT
modules support this digitizing process. The information
are stored in 16 different layers (Atan, et al, 1995).
4. RIGID PROBLEMS OF GIS APPLICATIONS IN
TURKEY
A GIS which manages all geographic information using a
database approach could have benefits for development
in Turkey. Using the experiences gained from the plot
projects the problems of introducing a GIS are;
4.1. Institutional problems
These are founded on the lack of the relationship
between institutions. The bureaucracy experienced in
the data exchange between institutions should be
avoided and the joint use of data, personnel, software
and hardware should be encouraged.
4.2. Current state of mapping
These are problems relating to areas to mapping. Some
of the reasons are;
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996