Full text: XVIIIth Congress (Part B5)

  
DIGITAL STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOLUTIONS FOR ORTHODONTICS 
Wolfram Höflinger 
P.O.Box 441 
A-6021 Innsbruck 
Tel. ++43 512 581316 
Fax. ++43 512 577994 
Commission V, Working Group V/5 
KEY WORDS: Close_Range, Medicine, Model, Matching, Three-dimensional, Transformation, Parameters 
ABSTRACT: 
For many years orthodontic treatment is a successfully applied method in dentistry. By moving and rotating teeth a 
natural configuration shall be reached. The accurate determination of the three-dimensional position and orientation 
changes of every tooth is done by measuring distances between the fixed appliances bonded on the teeth using a 
standard electronic caliper. This method is not very accurate and on the other hand not very pleasant for the patient. 
Therefore an optical touchless measurement system shall be developed, that leads to more accurate results and that is 
more accepted by the patients. 
During the 1980s the theoretical and practical fundamentals of digital close range photogrammetry were developed that 
can be adopted for that application. On the other hand many new developments have to be done that are caused by 
the specialty of the topic. Especially the problem of image acquisition caused by limited space left for acquisition 
devices and the problem of strong reflections caused by different materials used in the mouth have to be solved. At the 
moment usually well defined features like retroreflective targets are used to determine the three-dimensional position of 
objects. In this project only the natural structure of the teeth’s surface and no artificial features like targets or structured 
light methods shall be used. 
The goal of the project is the development of a more less fully automatic measurement system, that allows the 
determination of three-dimensional position and orientation changes of every single tooth with an accuracy better than 
100 microns during an orthodontic treatment. The system must be applicable by an orthodontist, thus robust 
implementation is necessary. Last but not least this new system shell help to reduce the fear and pain of the patient by 
applying an optical touchless measurement system. 
KURZFASSUNG: 
Kieferorthopädische Behandlungen sind eine seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreich angewandte Methode in der Zahnheilkunde. 
Die genaue Bestimmung der dreidimensionalen Translationsvektoren und Rotationen der Zähne ist bislang auf optisch- 
berührungslosem Weg nicht möglich. Andere Meßmethoden liefern ungenaue Ergebnisse und sind in der Anwendung 
dem Patienten kaum zumutbar. Deshalb soll ein möglichst automatisches optisch-berührungsloses Meßsystem 
entwickelt werden. 
Die in den Achtzigerjahren geschaffenen theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen der digitalen Nahbereichs- 
photogrammetrie ermöglichen nun deren Anwendung und Adaptierung auf dieses spezielle Problem. Zusätzlich zur 
Verwendung bestehender Grundlagen müssen Weiterentwicklungen durchgeführt werden, die durch die spezielle 
Lagerung des Problems bedingt werden. Besonders sind dabei das geringe Raumangebot im Mund sowie die 
unterschiedlichste Beschaffenheit der Zahnkörperoberflächen (Zahn, Keramik, Amalgam, Gold,...) und deren 
verschiedene Reflexionseigenschaften zu berücksichtigen. 
Allgemeines Ziel ist somit die Entwicklung eines möglichst automatischen Meßsystems bis hin zum Prototypen, das die 
Bestimmung der dreidimensionalen Verschiebungsvektoren und Verdrehungen der einzelnen Zähne während einer 
kieferorthopädischen Behandlung mit einer Genauigkeit besser als 0.1 mm erlaubt und vom Kieferorthopäden 
selbständig angewendet werden kann. Besondere Rücksicht ist dabei auf die robuste Implementierung zu nehmen, die 
bei Anwendungen dieser Art unbedingt notwendig ist. Vor allem aber muß an den Patienten gedacht werden, dem 
durch ein berührungsloses Meßverfahren Schmerzen gespart werden können. 
1. INTRODUCTION brackets that are fixed on the teeth. This method of 
; monitoring the teeth during an orthodontic treatment is 
During an orthodontic treatment dentists try to move and not very accurate, due to small cutting angles of the 
turn one single tooth or groups of them to certain distances measured between the teeth. On the other 
positions and orientations. Especially distal, mesial and hand it's not very pleasant for the patients. Therefore a 
torkquing movements have to be monitored, to ensure digital photogrammetric solution shall be developed and 
that the teeth will reach the desired position. At the implemented. And much more photogrammetry has 
moment the measurement is done manually using an already been successfully applied in dentistry (Achilli 
electronic caliper and further equipment mounted to the 1992) and (Mollersten 1989). 
247 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B5. Vienna 1996 
 
	        
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