Figure 4: Photo of the test area
Coordinates for several hundreds of points on the terrain
were determined for the project requirements. The achieved
accuracy was about one decimeter (Table 5).
Table 5: Some characteristics of the project - survey of
the hard to access terrain
control points spatial intersection method
(m, 2m,2m;- 3cm)
non-metric photos - Leica
rm DS
Data processing = (17 7 7-7 707707
software RolleiMetric MR2, Surfer
number of cameras | 1
number of photos 5
camera - objects
distance
data adjustment
accuracy of image
coordinates
achieved accuracy
(3D terrain coord.)
photo material
100 m approx.
bundle adjustment
0.2 mm
m,=6cm; m,=6cm; m,=12cm
Data of this experiment were used within general project of
the railroad bridge.
OBSERVATIONS ON FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS
During the implementation of the presented experiments
and projects, some observations conceming further
development of the close-range photogrammetric system
could be made. As far as hardware is concemed, a
monocomparator has been used for the first experiments,
and tablet digitizer for succeeding ones. Today, it is possible
to measure photo coordinates without these instruments.
For data processing (adjustment, presentation) it was
necessary to use several software packages and to provide
278
a link between them. In the last few years, revolutionary
changes took place in photogrammetry. Only few
components of the classical hardware have remained. The
gravity of the development has been moved to the software
area. Digital image processing and computer graphics are
particularly interesting fields. Digital photogrammetry has
practically become a special application of these two fields.
These changes have influenced close-range
photogrammetry very fast, since it is the area that doesn't
require extremely heavy computer support. Such a digital
photogrammetric system can be realised even on the
standard PC configuration, extended with a camera and a
scanner or tablet digitizer. Of course, a special software for
the support is also required. This has provided a great
interest of a large number of potential users.
CONCLUSIONS
Using concrete examples, possibilities of utilisation of non-
metric photo and video images, made for measurement or
any other purpose, have been demonstrated. Experiences
acquired in dealing with these problems have enabled
mastering of the whole technology and its application in
some other areas. In addition to the professional
photogrammetric organizations, many other users that
require interpretation of photo images emerge.
Inexpensive and simple photogrammetric systems based
on standard PC platform offer to their users a very
promising motto : "Eventing that can be seen on the photo
can be measured and arawn a/so”. Considering the trend of
the development, it can be expected that photogrammetry
is going to become a standard extension of the graphics
workstations very soon.
REFERENCES
References from Journals:
Fraser, C.S., 1982: On the Use of Nonmetric Cameras
in Analytical Close-Range Photogrammetry,The
Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 36 No. 3., pp. 259-279.
Joksié, D., ASanin, S., Vojinovié, M., 1993: New procedure
of defining spatial structure of the hard to access
terrain in road design, Put i saobracai, str. 44-46.
Belgrade, Yugoslavia (in Serbian)
Mihajlovié, D., Cvetkovié, S., Benka P.,Vojinovié, M., 1994:
Utilisation of Non-metric Photographs for
Measurement Purposes for Traffic Accident
Recording, Nauka tehnika bezbednost, broj 1-2, Institut
bezbednosti, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (in Serbian)
References from Other Literature:
Cvijetinovié, Ze Vojinovic, M., 1996: Some Possibilities
for Application of Close-Range Photogrammetric
Systems, Ill Yugoslav Symposium on Applications of
CAD Technologies, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia (in Serbian)
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B5. Vienna 1996
Kager, H.
photogr
beobact
Congress
Mihailovic
evidenc
Photogra
Yugoslav
Mihajlovk
evidenc
Photogra
Yugoslav
