1. MOTIVATION
We are responsible for protecting the natural and built
environment and its moral, social, natural and cultural
meaning. Wars, earthquakes, floods, fire, storms, and
other natural disasters take a heavy toll each year. Decay,
questionable attempts at modernization, and the demoli-
tion of buildings to gain space for traffic and housing also
removes traces of the past.
Several international agreements address the situation:
e The UNESCO Convention (The Hague, 1954) for the
Protection of the Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict.
e The International Restoration Charter (Venice, 1964)
of the 2nd Congress of Architects and Specialists of
Historic Buildings, for the Protection of the World
Heritage as well as the National Heritage of Impo-
rtant Buildings and Local Sites (It followed the crea-
tion of ICOMOS, the International Council on Monu-
ments and Sites in 1965).
e The UNESCO Convention (Paris, 1972) for the Prote-
ction of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
* The Washington Charter (Washington, 1987) for the
Protection of the Historic Towns and Regional Sites.
More than a technique, Photogrammetry is a useful, basic
tool for the planning, construction, reconstruction and
revitalization of architecture. It is also a good means for
preserving knowledge about architecture for future
generations in case of decay or destruction. Therefore,
Photogrammetric Recording of our Cultural Heritage is a
necessary civil defense against its extinction.
It is known that until today only a small part of the
existing buildings has been properly documented by
photogrammetry, and many of these documented
buildings have been restored or altered in the meantime,
without keeping their records up-to-date. Worldwide
there exists an urgent and tremendous demand for
Architectural Photogrammetry, which is the only means
for fast, complete and visual documentation of
architecture.
CIPA agreed that the production of photogrammetric
documentation is needed besides the few professional
high-quality work currently performed. In the opinion of
CIPA, this work should be assisted not only by
photogrammetrists, but also by the many practitioners in
different disciplines, who already do architectural
photography. In order for these people to be able to offer
help, they need to be properly trained in minimum control
requirements, planning and execution of the photography,
camera requirements, collection of documentation
information, etc.
The aim of this CIPA initiative is therefore in general
twofold: First, To check the current state-of-the-art in
Architectural Photogrammetry, especially regarding the
necessary minimum control requirements, the use of semi-
and non-metric cameras, and the use of new technology
(camcorders, CCD-cameras, digital photogrammetric
techniques). Second, to develop a network of photogram-
metric institutes with proven expertise in Architectural
Photogrammetry, able to perform photogrammetric resti-
tutions, offer training to non-specialists and cooperate and
assist others whenever more experts are needed for local
or regional tasks.
Regarding the first aim the scope of the test was to draw
conclusions on:
* pre- vs. self-calibration
* semi- vs. non-metric photography
* medium vs. small format
* normal vs. general case
* minimum vs. rich control
* different control distributions
* different measuring devices
* simple vs. rigid restitution
* different adjustment software
* different vs. same persons' repetitions
The main aim was to test whether the results reached are
good enough for emergency cases, and if architecture may
be resconstructed from plans restituted from amateur
photography or freely oriented semimetric cameras.
Regarding the second aim the setup was as follows: Each
partner is responsible for a defined national region. As
soon as another institute proves expertise in Architectural
Photogrammetry, it is added to the list of the partners. As
soon as a region has been trained by its center, the region
or country would be represented as a whole. This way the
non-photogrammetrists could be trained to help speed up
the process of metric photographic recording of monume-
nts and sites. The professional photogrammetrists could
then be concentrated on the more complicated projects,
where immediate restitution is required.
2. THE TEST MATERIAL
The test object chosen is one of the Otto Wagner's
Stadtbahn Station buildings on the Karlplatz in Vienna,
Austria. Its dimensions are 15x8x10mr.
48 Republik COsterreich
STADTBAHNSTATION KARLSPLAIZ/ WIEN
SAGEBURTSTAG
VON WAGNER
x
est
Figure 1. "O. Wagner Pavilion" test object as appears in an
Austrian stamp issued in 1991, on the occasion of the 150th
birthday of O. Wagner.
464
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B5. Vienna 1996
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