The monthly surface and 20m depth of measurement
yalues of TSS, HM, COD and PAH measured at the
oceanographic stations(Fig.3A,Fig3B) in the Bosphorus.
. ANADOLU
N gy
BEYKOZ
ej B10
10 km
ISTANBUL
FIGURE 3A Oceanographic stations in the
Bosphorus
FIGURE 3B Oceanographic stations in the
Golden Horn '
Environmental pollution including water pollution can be
defined as the damage to water and air due to misuse of
such resources by human beings. Residential sources of
water pollution are the liquid sewage disposal discharged
into the water by domestic and industrial organizations.
Pollution sources such as agricultural irrigation, water
carrying soil shifted by erosion, the discharges from
ships, boats, and the solid wastes can be included in this
category. The pollutants considered in this work are
described both technically and aesthetically, as follows:
Total Suspended Solids (TSS): These are precipitating
solids and small pieces dislodged from the soil and
either carried by or suspended in water. Measured in
milligrams per liter Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is
organic substances which are both suspended in water
and deposited at the bottom of the sea forming an
oxygen-free medium. When in suspension, these
particles cause water turbidity and a grayish color. They
also prevent sunlight from reaching acquatic plants. The
organic components of TSS can be determined by
154
collecting and separating them with 0.7mm glass filters,
The unit of COD is measured in milligrams per liter.
Humic Materials (HM) and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAH): HM consists of organic matter including the
products of biological decomposition of plants, living
matter, and industrial paints and pigments. PAH consists
of oil grease and heavy petroleum particles. PAH is
deposited into the water either from the land or
discharged from boats and ships.
3. DETERMINATION OF THE HYDRODINAMIC
STRUCTURE AND THE WATER POLLUTION OF THE
BOSPHORUS
The hydrodynamic conditions in the Bosphorus are quite
complex. With its synoptic view capabilities and image
processing methods, remote sensing data combined with
ground truth measurements can be regarded as a useful
tool for monitoring the coastal zones.
This study investigates the water pollutants with
hydrodynamic conditions in the Bosphorus using satellite
images based on Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper data on
visual, near infrared and thermal bands and Spot data on
multispectral bands with different dates (For TM,1986,
1992; for Spot , 1993,).
Image processing of the satellite data related to the
Bosphorus was performed by using the Decision Image-
Resource Image Analysis and ERDAS Systems located
in the Faculty of Civil Engineering at Istanbul Technical
University. As the first step, the radiomatically corrected
satellite data were geometrically corrected.
Regression analysis was used to examine the
relationship between the water quality parameters(Table
1A, Table 1B) and the reflectance values. The necessary
values are provided in. Single pixel and 3 by 3 pixel
window_ average values for each band at the station
point in the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn. The two
data sets that means reflactance and water quality
measurements are analyzed and the regression
coefficients (a,b) are tested.During the regression
analysis water quality measurements on hydrologic
station point are taken as X; and the values of
reflactence on same points are Y . In the results of the
regression analysis of the bands have obtained,
coefficient of correlation(R) on TM data (24th October
1986)was taken in the last week of October and the
water quality reference data were collected in the first
week of November. The coefficients of correlation on the
first band are observed as 83% for TSS, 86% for HM,
47% for COD, 80% for PAH and on the second band
‘also are observed as 68% for TSS ‚63% for H M, 49%
for COD,68% for PAH . For the SPOT data (13th June
1993) also had taken not simultaneously water quality
observationswhich are near date. As the result of
regression analysis are obtained on the first band 1%for
TSS, 8996 for HM , 46% for COD , 92% for PAH .
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996
