Certainly it is necessary not only to revise the 
cooperative volunteer system, emergency medical 
services, and telecommunication systems, but it is 
also necessary for each local government to have 
accurate information about the present condition of 
urban geography. Also, city governments will have to 
try to review these urban problems in the light of big 
earthquakes through analysis of existing conditions . 
This paper examines a report on districts suffering 
damage, and various analyses of building types 
derived from aerial photogrammetric surveying and 
remote sensing in Kobe city, all of which must be taken 
into account in the determination of districts at risk 
before an earthquake occurs. 
2. SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 
In this study, three processes were carried out in 
order to determine the areas at risk in urban 
disasters, as follows: 
1. Collection of information about urban problems and 
geography in the the damaged district. 
2. Analysis of building types in several districts in 
Kobe. 
3. Improvement in the realizability of regional 
disaster prevention. 
The essential aim of this paper becomes clear from 
the following two aspects of the above three processes 
of surveying by means of aerial photogrammetry and 
remote sensing analysis: 
1. Consideration of standard decipherment for the 
areas at risk of the spread of fire beforehand. 
2. Consideration of standard decipherment for total 
realizability of regional disaster prevention. 
3. PROCEDURE USED IN THE STUDY 
This study used the following five processes in 
connection with the No. 2 District of the Kobe 
Government : 
3)-1. Collection of urban information in the disaster 
district.( Ref.1)~5) ): 
A map of dwellings on a scale of 2,000:1 was drawn up, 
aerial photography was carried out on a scale of 
10,000:1 in monochrome, a report of the disaster in 
the earthquake-damaged area was compiled, and 
newspapers for the month after the earthquake were 
consul ted. 
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Phtograph 2. Narrow Street (Nagata District) 
After that, concepts and key words for the study of 
this urban disaster were selected from amongst this 
mass of information. 
3)-2. Stereographical analysis of aerial photographs 
concerning building types in urban land use in the 
surveyed area (Figure 2,3 and Figure 5.): 
In order to determine the bui Iding type, the situation 
regarding urban land use before the ear thquake had to 
be investigated. 
Therefore, this study inspected the building type and 
the structure one by one, using three methodologies: 
a geographical map on a scale of 2,500:1, a dwelling 
map on a scale of 2,000: 1,and an aerial photograph on 
a scale of 10,000:1,all compiled before the earth 
quake, in 1992. 
3)-3. Feasibility field surveying in this study area 
Some low buildings and wooden-framed |ow houses Were 
not included in the determination of building type 
after the analysis of the mapping method. 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996