4) The stepping up of the decipherment ability was 
connected to the raising of the estimated size of 
danger areas, but this method of improvement is not 
connected with the urban disaster prevention proj- 
ect.The facts revealed by this study must be 
communicated to community organizations in order to 
protect the lives of citizens. 
8. CONCLUSION AND EXERCISE 
The required next stages in this study are as 
follows : 
1) Stereographical analysis (Table 2.3,Figure 5.) : 
Through the methodology of stereography based on a 
aerial photograph, it was easy to distinguish 
buildings of more than three stories, large buildings, 
and open spaces. 
However, it was found to be very difficult, in the case 
of one- or two-storied buildings in high-density 
residential areas, to determine the number of stories. 
Therefore it was necessary to check, using dwelling 
maps and an actual field survey, to clarify the number 
of stories. 
2) About the geographical information system 
(G.1.S.) :(Table 4,5) 
In order to resolve in further detail overlayer 
analysis, each layer of data had to be collected 
exhaustively from various information collected by 
the city planning department, the fire department, and 
the civic department of the municipal government. 
New elements in the prevention of urban disasters were, 
for example, density of space (green space and open 
Space), the quality of fire resistance, and the ratio 
of population in high-density residencial areas. 
3) Direction of the study process: 
This study used the following process: firstly, 
Steregraphical analysis; secondly, remote sensing 
analysis; and thirdly, overlaying analysis of the 
Mapping of the burned-out area. 
In the next study carried out by any other city 
government, the first procedure will be remote 
Sensing analysis, and the second stereographical 
analysis. After that, the area at risk for the spread 
ef fire should be estimated. The increasing effi- 
Clency of remote sensing should obviate the need for 
large amounts of time and labor. 
371 
4) Selection of band number in spectrum classication: 
In Japan there are many wooden-framed houses. To 
realize the area of high density of wooden- framed 
houses, the band of the spectrum of the roofing 
materials where there are no wooden-framed houses 
must be correctly determined by means of the remote 
sensing method . Detatched house will always have a 
little garden, which may appear like roofing material, 
which is the spectrum value selected 
band.There are many cases of reaction caused by the 
humidity of such green gardens.(Figure 7.) 
Therefore, we have to try to distinguish whether 
buildings have wooden frames or not in any continued 
project . Also, the TM data must be used 
conjunction with the SPOT data because it is very 
difficult to distinguish these points. 
in each 
in 
5) Further development of applicational analysis in 
other cities: 
It is absolutely esssential to accelerate research 
into urban disaster areas in those areas previously 
affected by earthquakes before any further earth- 
quakes occur.(Figure 6.) 
6) Japan as an earthquake country : 
It is impossible to predict an earthquake, but it is 
quite possible that science and technology will be 
able to determine areas in danger of the spread of fire, 
and dictate environmental improvement in urban 
disaster prevention projects in any other city. 
It would not be good if the present situation, in which 
there is no renewal planning in Japan's cities, were 
to be allowed to continue. 
[ REFERENCES ] 
1) Building Research Institute of Ministry of Con- 
struction: [ A Midterm Investigational Report of 
Disaster through Hanshin Awajishima Island Earth- 
quake ] , August.1995. 
2) A Foundational Juridical Person, Institute oí 
Constructional Engineering: [ A Disaster Report ci 
the Great Hanshin Earthquake ] , April. 1995 
3)Co.Ltd.Zenrin; [ Dwelling Map of Kobe Governmerit 
1994 ] , December. 1993. 
4) Fire Department of Kobe Government ; [A 
Investigational Report of Optimum Fire Fighting 
Ability in Kobe ] , March. 1985. 
5)The Japan Times,Ltd.: [ The Japan Times Special 
Reprt : The Great Hanshin Quake ] ,February. 1995. 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996