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planning a scale of 1: 5 000 is needed. These maps can be
produced by innovative and efficient methods using
remotely sensed data.
The presented investigations are part of a project financed
and supported by the "Saxonian Department
environment and Geology" (LUG, Q2500/9) and co-ordina-
ted by the "Environmental Research Centre Leipzig-Halle
(UFZ)'.
2. DATA ACQUISITION
91 Flight Mission
The following investigations are based on a flight mission
over parts of the City of Dresden, Germany.
The chosen flight areas cover 40 test sites (145,3 ha)
where a terrestrial investigation of soil sealing was
undertaken by collaborators of the Institute of Ecological
Spatial Development (Heber, 1993) over the last years.
Most of typical surface cover materials in urban
agglomerations are also recorded in the flight area.
Flight Area |Flight Area |Flight Area
West (1) Centre (2) |East (3)
Length in m 4 200 9 000 5 800
Scan rows 4 000 8 000 5 100
Width in m 2 200 2 700 2 700
Number of flight stripes 3 4 4
Total area in km? 19,9 23,5 18,0
Flight path direction WNW-ESE |SSW-NNE |NW-SE
Number of covered test sites |9 17 14
Total area of test sites in ha — |28,3 84,3 32,8
Table 1: Geometric Parameters of the Three Flight Areas
The flight mission was performed by the "Department of
Optoelectronics" of the "German Aerospace Research
Establishment (DLR)". The aircraft was equipped with a
DAEDALUS-ATM-Scanner AADS 1268. With a flight
altitude of 500 meters the resolution was 2,5 mrad IFOV
(Instantaneous Field of View) and flight paths had a lateral
overlap of 40 %.
In total four flights were carried out, one flight at high noon,
Wo fights after dusk and one flight before dawn. Table 2
Shows it in detail:
for
487
Date Time Comments
10.08.95 |12.40 - 13.43 |Multispectral data (12 bands) and,
additionally, taking of CIR aerial photos
10.08.95 |21.08 - 22.14 |Only thermal infrared data (band 11), not
processed yet as the morning flight was
broken off (technical problems)
11.08.95 |20.59 - 22.07 |Thermal infrared after dusk
12.08.95 |04.16 - 05.22 |Thermal infrared before dawn
Table 2: Program of the Scanner Flight Mission 10.-12.08.1995 for
Dresden, Germany
During the evening and morning flights only data from
thermal infrared bands were recorded, as there were all
bands registered during day time.
Band 12 is spectrally similar to band 11, but because band
11 was partly overmodulated, the intensification of band 12
was reduced. Simultaneously to scanner recording, CIR
photos were taken by a specific camera called Zeiss
ReihenmeBkammer (RMK) 415/23 (calibrated focal
constant = 153 mm), which was equipped with a KODAK
Aerochrome Infrared 2443 film. A Zeiss filtertype D
(Diaphragm 5,6; exposure 1/200) was used. The photo
scale was 1 : 3 000, the forward overlap was 60 95, and the
side overlap was 40 96.
The weather conditions during flight time were extremly
fine, no clouds and little humidity. Parallel to the airborne
measurements the meteorological parameters temperature,
steam pressure, wind direction, and wind speed were
recorded on two fixed locations. Along three parcours in the
overflown area temperature and steam pressure were also
recorded.
2.2 Quality of Scanner Data
Because of good recording conditions and long-time
experience of the "DLR"- colleagues the quality of received
data is excellent. The geometric resolution of digital
scanner data is 1,1 m. Only eight lines were not recorded.
During the noon flight the air temperature was very high
(about 26 °C), so that surface temperatures in thermal
infrared band 11 sometimes increased over the blackbody
temperature of 48,5 °C. This increase could partly be
avoided in band 12 by reducing the intensification. In this
band there are also some overmodulations contained with
the typical shade effect of 2 pixels. The remission of metal
and glass roofs gives wrong temperature information,
because the degree of emission £ is less than 0,98 (£
0,01 - 0,05; € goss! 0,94) which is assumed as standard.
metal *
The flight parameters were stable because of good wind
conditions, so there was little roll, crob, and pitch distortion.
This condition was very helpful to find the ground control
points to rectify data.
The days of flight mission followed a long, dry period with
high temperatures, so especially short-cut grass was
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996
