Use
| Application sub-system)
ARCVIEW kernel
Advanced basic
evaluation evaluation
sub-system sub-system
Fig.5 Interconnection of sub-systems
of some complex user interfaces become very simple.
This integration process in shown in Fig. 6. A typical
example of ADES application is to evaluate the influence
also a static model of the world’s objects and
relationships, plus a dynamic model showing activities
that occur within and between these objects. Otherwise,
the design process is used to organize objects into classes
of a hierarchical structure, and defining associations,
methods, data structures, and the user-ADES interface.
In ADES, GIS has been used as major tool for natural
resource management related to agricultural disasters.
The GIS is also the most important module of ADES and
is used as basic framework of overall ADES
implementation. Further, major tasks of the module
include the various ADES [I/O and inter-ADES
information processing and the information exchange (or
communication) among GIS, simulation expert system
modules. On the other hand, simulation module built by
continuous and discrete
Models models system
Local app. Remote app. Models for testin
simulation models is used to
mainly generate a lot of data
functions :
about agricultural disaster and
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management [+> scripts
Fig.6 O-O model for system integration
rss 1 mc process determent information
GIS environmentle» Visual C++ 2.0 Evaluation models yejevanı! t9 BERICHTE
disaster evaluation, including
Database or eni Expert systeln historical disaster, agricultural
production planning, disaster
system Visual Basic 4.0 Simulation model geographic, distribution, aud
disaster type's information.
The module uses a pseudo-
random number generator to
incorporate the disasters and
of disaster weather on stored grain, so as to apply
suitable means to improve dangerous stored grain
environment to safety environment. Our experiences
shown that the practical application of ADES reduces
largely stored grain loss due to some disaster weather,
which is equal to increase the grain yield. Further, the
evaluation results from ADES are used to make or
design various effective control strategies to maintain a
very good ambient environment of a number of
warehouses of stored grain distributed over a very large
geographic area with the help of the remote models of
ADES. For arriving at the objective, ADES used 10
years of weather data to evaluate various possible
influence of current disaster weather on stored grain and
provided satisfactory evaluation services for a number of
managers of stored grain.
5. DISCUSSION
In summary, during ADES design and implementation,
the object-oriented method that includes both analysis
and design stages was used to build ADES
implementation, integrate all its components such as
classes and objects and implement it. The object-oriented
analysis is a process of defining a model of some portion
of the real agricultural disaster world in a manner that
retains the representation of this world as viewed by
those users who will use ADES. This analysis produces
676
losses risk faced by farmers or users of ADES, and
provides them with numeric form of decision
information with the help of other ADES function.
Stochastic occurrence and influence of the disaster about
crops and areas are draw at random each year from
empirical probability distributions for these variables.
Obviously, simulation technique here is mainly used for
analyzing explicit relation between various variables
relevant to the disasters and computing their values.
Otherwise, expert system module is designed by the
knowledge shop method. In this method, each
component of the module is controlled by an
independently running program. A rule-base manager is
used for organizing the loading and execution of rule-
base in the module. The rule-base consists of three
components that are heuristic knowledge rules,
computation rules and I/O protocol rules. Besides the
heuristic knowledge rules, rule-base contains a set of
rules to compute the combined weights of contributing
factor relevant to the decision information of agricultural
disaster evaluation. The module uses information from
simulation module, GIS and data base system for
reasoning and provides suggestion and decision
information to GIS module. Generally, expert system
technique here is mainly used for analyzing implicit
relation between various variables effecting agricultural
disaster evaluation and providing non-numeric decision
information with ADES. Our experience shown that a
rule-based expert system is really a useful approach in
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996
