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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-5/W2, 2013 
XXIV International CIPA Symposium, 2 — 6 September 2013, Strasbourg, France 
Intrinsic factors include the type of building materials, their 
properties, their mass distribution, their origin and the 
processing technology, their "history" (prior conservation 
interventions) and their compatibility with other materials. 
Extrinsic factors include the climate characteristics 
(distribution, orientation, and amplitude of environmental 
factors), the prevailing microclimate, the type of the atmosphere 
(urban, marine, etc.), the action of water (aerosol, rain, rising 
damp, condensation, and salt crystallization) and the 
monument's static and dynamic loading patterns. The analysis 
of the state of conservation relates to all data regarding the 
diagnosis of the monuments decay using visual observations, 
non-destructive techniques, a large array of analytical 
techniques, GIS decay mapping, etc., both on structural and non 
structural elements of the monument. Information on the decay 
forms and mechanisms as well as on the vulnerability diagnosis 
[e.g static analysis, etc.] are also collected and stored to 
complete assessment of the an overall state of conservation. 
Implementation and analysis of a typical diagnostic study and a 
structural analysis will reveal the main risks affecting the 
heritage asset to be subsequently processed in order to result 
into risk indicators (Moropoulou, et al 2013). 
The table below (Table 1) presents the group of factors that 
participate in the degradation process and can be evaluated as 
major or minor risks for the building materials and structures, 
further subdivided and analysed to individual, more specific, 
parameters. In this way a documentation protocol of materials 
and structure decay is formulated, comprising the visual 
documentation of decay, the main decay forms / types, the 
decay mechanisms as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic factors 
of degradation (ICOMOS, 2008). 
  
  
VISUAL OBSERVATIONS OF 
Visual inspection general data 
  
BUILDING MATERIALS 
Building material general data 
  
STATE CONSERVATION 
Decay general data 
  
  
Various Crusts 
  
TYPOLOGY OF 
Cracks and 
  
DETERIORATION 
PHENOMENA 
Loss of material 
  
Biological deterioration 
  
  
Physical / Mechanical Processes 
  
DECAY MECHANISMS 
Physicochemical Processes 
  
Chemical and Biochemical Processes 
  
  
Building materials general data 
  
Building materials type 
  
PROTOCOL OF 
Natural building materials 
  
DECAY 
Artificial building materials 
  
DECAY INTRINSIC 
FACTORS 
INVESTIGATION 
Building materials Mineralogical — 
Petrographic Characterization 
  
Building materials Physical Characterization 
  
Building materials Life Cycle 
  
Building materials Techno economic data 
  
  
Structure general data 
  
Climate data 
  
Atmospheric conditions 
  
Indoor Environment 
  
DECAY EXTRINSIC 
Biological Factors 
  
FACTORS 
Accidental actions 
  
Human Impact 
  
Condition of usage 
  
Socioeconomic Parameters 
  
  
  
Geotechnical frame of foundation 
  
Table 1. Protocol of Decay Investigation 
4. RISKS IDENTIFICATION - RISK INDICATORS 
DEVELOMENT 
Risk indicators development focused on degradation processes, 
require a series of steps in order to result in a set of specifically 
described, measurable and clearly interpreted indicators. 
— The first step comprises the identification of a risk that 
affect the heritage asset 
381 
— Next comes the detailed analysis of the risk, including its 
characteristics, particularities as well as the mechanism of 
affecting the heritage asset 
— Then follows the evaluation of the identified risk in order to 
be classified within the final ranking of risks 
— The subsequent step is the assignment of a quantitative or 
qualitative designation to the risk 
— The final step includes the management of risk, proposals 
for efficient response to it as well as preventive