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metry and remote sensing. This is of particular importance für ueveluping countries with a noto- 
rious inadequate funds and which consequently are dependent on multilateral and bilateral 
assistance programs which should include appropriate allocations for education and training pro- 
grams in photogrammetry and remote sensing. 
THE WORLD S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R & D) IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY 
7 AND REMOTE SENSING 
To obtain pertinent information on the status of research (including development) facilities 
in photogrammetry and remote sensing the aforementioned special questionnaire includes sub- 
questionnaires (B & D) requesting information on the available R & D manpower and equipment 
in photogrammetry and remote sensing. As to these items only preliminary information and 
figures are available at this time, Based partially on information contained in Ref. 2, one can 
conclude that a percentage of at least 1.696 of the world's present photogrammetry and remote 
sensing operation should be devoted to R & D, in terms of manpower and annual expenditures. 
This requirement is based on the present general R & D efforts of the industrialized countries 
amounting in the average to 1.67% of the GNP (Gross National Product). This would make up a 
R & D manpower in photogrammetry and remote sensing of about 2,500 people (1.67% of the 
total manpower in photogrammetry and remote sensing of 150,000 people) with total annual 
R & D expenditures of at least U.S. $35 million (excluding classified, strictly military R & D 
efforts). It is obvious that the evaluation of the present efforts and future requirements as to R & 
: D in photogrammetry and remote sensing, worldwide, must be one of the important tasks of 
ISPRS WG ViI—I. This particularly applies to developing countries with largely insufficient 
photogrammetry and remote sensing R & D manpowers and expenditures. 
THE INTERNATIONAL DATA BANK ON SURVEYING & MAPPING (S & M), 
INCLUDING PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING, AT LAVAL UNIVERSITY 
As already reported in [4], there exists a voluminous S & M Data Bank at Laval University 
(Unit: Photogrammetry) which data bank includes much information also on the world's photo- 
grammentry and remote sensing operation. Such information is of considerable usefulness for the 
performance of work pertinent to ISPRS WG VI—I, especially as far as professional statistics 
are concerned. Among other items, the .Data Bank contains about 100,000 addresses of orga- 
nizations and key persons involved in S & M (including photogrammetry and remote sensing). 
This data bank is as far as practicable up-dated and includes also information on available man- 
power, as well as education and research facilities in photogrammetry and remote sensing. This 
information will be used to complete the information obtained from the regional sub-working 
groups of ISPRS WG VI—I Here, it should be added that a portion of the information contained 
in the data bank was and is provided by the official and completed United Nations and FAO 
questionnaires to pertinent organizations. Access to this particular information to ISPRS WG 
VI—I is assured due to the fact that the author of this paper is the consultant in charge of the 
United Nations for the analysis of the status of world cartography as well as an F AO consultant 
for the establishment of a world aerial photographic index. 
REFERENCE 
1) Brandenberger, A.J.: ‘’Education & Research Facilities". ISPRS Commission VI—I Interna- 
tional Society of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing. XV Congress Rio de Janeiro 1984. 
International Archives of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Volume XXV, Part A6, 
Commission VI. pp. 71-78. 
2) Brandenberger, A.J.: "Study on the world's surveying and mapping manpower and training 
facilities. World Cartography, Volume XVI, ST/ESA/SER.L/16. United Nations, New York, 
1980. pp. 3-72,