> - INTERNAL ORIENTATION OF THE PANORAMIC CAMERAS. 
2.1 - INTERNAL ORIENTATION PARAMETERS OF THE TYPICAL CAMERA. 
The internal orientation parameters of a oamera in general are all tho 
se parameters which enable the analogical or analytical reconstruction of the 
bundle or band of directions present within the camera at the time of the ex 
posure of the photogram. Bach internal direction is based upon the internal 
nodal point of the lens and upon the image of the point on the photogram, and 
jt is therefore known when the relative position of these two points is known. 
Therefore: 
1) In the case of a frame camera, the ralative position of each image with re 
speot to the interior nodal point is known when the position on the photo 
gram of the principal point and the prinoipal distance are known. 
2) In the case of a oylindrical photogram taken with the IMC device, the rela 
tive position of each image with respect to the internal nodal point is 
known when, for each generatrix of the cylinder, on which a series of ima 
ges lies, we know the diretrix on which the internal nodal point is found, 
Sinoe each generatrix of the oylinder is determined by the angle pre 
viously defined, this is to say that the position of the internal nodal 
point on the axis of the cylinder should be a function of the angle B. 
We have seen that when the adjustment conditions are satisfied, the an 
gle RP can ooinoide, or differ by a constant value, with the scanning angle y. 
We note that to consider the photogram as a support of & bundle or a band of 
direotions, which are metrically defined by the "tangents of direction”, is 
equivalent to the elimination of the concept of the frame, cylindrical or 
any other type of photogram in the treatment of analytical problems presented 
to us. The shape of the photogram is taken into consideration only to speci 
fy how, with the elements measured on the photogram, the values of the direc 
tion tangents are deduced. 
2.2 - INDICATIONS ON THE PHOTOGRAMS WHICH ENABLE THE DETERMINATION OF THE 
INTERNAL ORIENTATION PARAMETERS. 
Let us consider the most simple oase of the typical panoramic camera 
and suppose we whish to reconstruct, in an analogical manner, the bundle of 
internal directions. In order to avoid any Wrong conclusion, we shall suppo 
se that the photogram has shaded margins (see figure 2). The first necessa 
ry indication is obviously the radius p of the cylinder which the photogram 
should roll. The second information which should be found on the photogram 
is the direction of the generatrix of the cylinder. This information (see fi 
gure 2) can be obtained if on the photogram the direotion parallel to the 
axis of the camera is indicated by means of two marks, Mj and Mo. 
As a third element we should know the directrix of the cylinder in the 
plane of whioh is the internal nodal point of the lens. This directrix can 
be found by means of the parameter & (see figure 2) whioh gives its position 
with respeot to a mark. 
The above mentioned information oan be imprinted on the photogram for 
  
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