7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
As seen in Figure 1, design and implementation of an urban GIS
includes different stages and each stage has various projects to
be executed involving experts from different areas such as
Geomatics Eng., Computer science, database design and etc.
The important issue in carrying out Shiraz GIS project is that
the beginning and the end of project was comprehensively
studied and based on that the links of various projects were
extracted. Another issue is that we differentiate between a Base
GIS, which provides general and common needs of municipality
user, and applied GISs. The reason was time constraint
designated for the project (18 months). It was apparent that all
specific and general needs of a user could not be covered in one
GIS due to the specific time frame for the project.
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors would like to thank planning and project director of
Shiraz Municipality and Ehsan Development Research Institute
(EDRI) for providing useful information related to Shiraz GIS
project.
9, REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
= Aronoff S., 1991, Geographic Information System: A
Management Perspective, WDL Publications, Second
Printing Ottawa, Canada.
90
Croswell P. (1991). Obstacles to GIS Implementation and
Guidelines to increase the Opportunities for Success.
Journal of the Urban and Regional Information systems
Association, Vol.3, No.1, pp.43-55.
McFarland R. (1990). GIS implementation strategies for
the small municipal environment. Proceeding of GIS/LIS
90. Anaheim, California, 167-173.
Burrouph P. A. 1986, Principles of Geographical
Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment,
Oxford University Press, New York, Reprinted 1989.
Egenhofer MJ, Max J. & Frank A., 1988, Towards a
Spatial Query Language: User Interface Considerations,
Proc. of 14th International Conference on Very Large Data
Bases, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
Heywood 1, Cornelius S. and Carver S., 1998, An
Introduction to Geographical Information Systems,
Longman Pub Group, ISBN: 0582089409.
Michael N. DeMers, 1999, Fundamentals of Geographic
Information Systems.
Molenaar Martien, 1998, An Introduction to the Theory of
Spatial Object Modeling for GIS, Department of Geo-
Informatics, ITC, Netherlands.
Brown P., Friedli D. (1988). Assessing Organizational
Preparedness for a Comprehensive, Distributed LIS/GIS.
URISA Proceedings, Vol. III. Los Angeles, CA., pp.22-36.
KEY Wt
ABSTR/
The mos
animatio:
has been
demands
visualisa
GIS is ar
it is intei
informati
fields an
forestry,
space, tra
GIS star
connectic
applied |
economic
and this
applicatic
The task
users tha
time. The
that start
over to se
In order
any more
have to
researche
position,
trend, WI
Accordin
(Figure 1
GIS is th
Geocode
ordinate
(0, À) o
projectioi
À numbe
and henc
by GIS is