data. After completing this phase, the quality control was done
in order to assure that all the important information were stored
and surveyed properly. During the survey also some additional
objects on or close to the coast were surveyed (bridges, lights).
Those were added to the checked coastline. The final coastline
data were then transformed in to three different systems:
= Original in geographical WGS 84 co-ordinates;
= Transformation in Gauß-Krüger projection on Bessel
ellipsoid (in this system all fair sheets are);
" Transformation in Mercator projection (figure 4) on
WGS 84 (in which the final result, the nautical chart is).
New coastline was used in production of fair sheets of two
latest hydrographic surveys, and of course it will be used for
2003 survey. The updating of the Bay of Koper chart with new
coastline has not been done yet. Due to the complexity of up-
dating the whole chart with new coastline, it is better to produce
new edition of a chart rather than up-date it. Until now, the new
coastline was inserted in Electronic Nautical Chart (ENC) of
the Bay of Koper. This ENC is in last phase of production and it
waits to be checked and validated before releasing it for use on
board ships.
5. CONCLUSION
Nowadays a great deal of international trade is done by sea.
Small, big and enormous vessels are steaming up and down
major maritime traffic routes. All of them need precise and
accurate information which they need to make their voyage
safe, efficient and on time.
Maritime countries have their special organizations,
hydrographic offices in order to assure, that these kind of
information are acquired, processed, organised and delivered to
mariner. Hydrographic surveys are essential in this process.
Ships are faster and better equipped as they were not so long
ago. They cannot use old information, based on a survey made
half a century or more ago. The coast changes, new ports are
build and new piers added. The master needs all available
information in real time. They have modern navigational
equipment on board ships, which process more information
faster as navigating officer could.
Hydrography is here to provide up-dated nautical charts and
publications; conducting hydrographic and geodetic surveys of
sea, coast and land in the vicinity of the sea; integrating all
these data and information and process them until they are
suitable for daily use on board. That means to clean and
subtract overload of information and use only the relevant ones.
The ones that are important for safe navigation. Hydrographer
has to know what is relevant information for mariner and then
has to decide how will process them so mariner can quickly and
easily understand them.
References:
[HO, 1993. Manual on Technical Aspects of the United Nations
Convention on Law of the Sea. International Hydrographic
Organization, Monaco.
IHO, 1994. Hydrographic Dictionary. International
Hydrographic Organization, Monaco.
[HO, 1998. IHO Standards for Hydrographic
International Hydrographic Organization, Monaco.
Surveys.
116
IHO, 2001a. National Maritime Policies and Hydrographic
Services. International Hydrographic Organization, Monaco.
IHO, 2001b. Regulations of the IHO for International (INT)
Charts and Chart Specifications of the IHO. International
Hydrographic Organization, Monaco.
Karniénik, L, Zerjal, A., Radovan, D., 2001. Detailed coastline
survey of Slovenian sea, section from Izola to Dragonja. Final
report. Geodetic Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana. (in Slovene)
Karniénik, I., Radovan, D., 2002. Detailed coastline survey of
Slovenian sea, section from Sv. Jernej to Izola. Final report.
Geodetic Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana. (in Slovene)
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