2.1. Basic topographic map (TTN) 
Slovenia is one of the few countries having the entire territory 
of the state covered with map 4 scale 1: 5000 (partly at scale 
1: 10,000) named Basic Topographic Map (TTN). There are 
2802 map sheets produced in 1960-ies using analogue 
technology. Maintenance of such amount of map sheets became 
impossible. Majority of sheets has outdated contents. The first 
replacements were 3258 digital orthophoto map sheets with 
resolution 0.5 m (DOF) and completed in 2002. Simultaneous 
establishment of topographic database at scale 1: 5,000 
(TOPO 5) started in 1999 after some previous research and test 
projects (Radovan et al, 1998). The basic aim of the database is 
to provide digital data at scale 1: 5,000 for the most demanding 
object classes and to digitally produce map at scale 1: 5,000 as a 
result of visualisation. of the database. The project is a 
compromise between professional solution and available 
resources. The main source for data acquisition are stereo 
images at scale 1: 17,500 and digital orthophoto map at scale 
1: 5,000 (DOF). 
  
Figure 2: Orthophoto map 1: 5,000 (DOF) 
2.1.1 Large Scale Topographic Database (TOPO 5) 
Large scale topographic database (TOPO 5) was developed 
because of the lack of digital topographic data of sufficient 
accuracy. The objective was to include data from various 
databases that are maintained by Surveying and Mapping 
Authority of Republic of Slovenia or other state services and 
create a database that links digital databases of different 
institutions at minimal additional acquisition of topographic 
data. The result is a topographic database with accuracy and 
detail that meets scale 1:5,000 and as such succeeds existing 
Basic Topographic Map (TTN). TOPO 5 is produced in form of 
sheets with dimension of 50 x 70 cm. Each sheet represents an 
area of 2250 m x 3000 m, which corresponds to sheet division 
of TTN or DOF. 
Establishment of topographical database and operational data 
acquisition started in 1999. Initial phases involved definition of 
database contents (including attributes) and format of the 
database. Because of all that the first sheets of TOPO 5 are not 
consistent with respect to database format and layer partition. In 
the year 2002 all that was harmonised. 
From that point on the database is in ESRI shape format that 
consists of three types of files *.shp, *.dbf, *.shx. TOPO Sis a 
vector database with graphical and descriptive part. With regard 
to the contents the database is divided into following object 
classes: 
© structures 
e traffic 
e land cover 
e  hydrography 
Each of the object classes is furthermore divided into object 
types (see Table 1). 
  
Object class 
100 Structures 
Object type 
101 Building 
102 Electric wire 
103 High object 
201 Road 
202 Railway line 
203 Cableway 
301 Vegetation 
302 Land in special use 
401 Water 
402 Watercourse 
403 Feature on watercourse 
  
  
  
  
200 Traffic 
  
  
  
300 Land cover 
  
  
400 Hydrography 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table 1: Subdivision of object classes in TOPO 5 
Each object type has obligatory set of attributes and appropriate 
values. Number of attributes depends upon individual object 
type, but date of source and method of acquisition are common 
to all. 
Source data for acquisition of TOPO 5 contents are: 
a) photogrametric material: 
e scans of the latest images from the 
permanent aerial survey 
e aerial triangulation data 
b) scan of the TTN (combined layer, hydrographic layer) 
c) segment of the TOPO 5 (if one exists) 
e for area of interest 
e for neighbouring area 
d) digital orthophoto-map (DOF), resolution 0.5 m 
e) segment of the cadastre of buildings 
f) segment of the toponym register (REZI) 
g) segment of the state road database 
h) segment of the register of land usage (ERZ) 
i) information about municipal roads — database of road 
data (BCP) (if available) 
j) additional data from SMA RS (if needed ) 
Analysis of the workflow in the year 2002 has shown that two 
fields were causing problems: 
e acquisition of vegetation data based on ERZ 
e selection of appropriate method of attribute 
acquisition and consequently date of source data 
ERZ is a vegetation database acquired according to agricultural 
criteria of land usage and established by the Ministry of 
Agriculture, Forestry and Food (MKGP). These criteria and 
categorisation of data are so different from that of topographic 
database, that a lot of adjustments and additional acquisition of 
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